纳米材料危险性评估技术研究进展及启示

Research advances in risk assessment technology for nanomaterials and enlightenment

为了准确、全面评估纳米材料在储运过程中的危险性,调研了国内外纳米材料危险性评估技术的研究现状及进展,分析了现有化学品危险性评估技术对纳米材料的适用性,探讨了我国在该方面的差距及改进措施。结果表明,常规化学品危险性评估技术,如固体燃烧性、自热性等危险性测试方法皆不适用于纳米材料,健康危害以及环境危害检测方法也亟需进行修订和完善;结合我国纳米材料的监管需求,积极参与国际组织的纳米材料危险性评估相关项目、完善相关法规标准,是提高我国在纳米材料危险性评估方面技术能力的重要途径。

In order to evaluate the hazards of nanomaterials during storage and transportation accurately and comprehensively,the applicability of existing chemical hazards assessment technology for nanomaterials is analyzed,the research status and progress of nanomaterials hazards assessment technology worldwide are summarized.China’s shortages in this field and corresponding improvement measures are discussed.It is found that conventional chemicals hazards assessment technology,such as solid combustion,self-heating and other risk testing methods are not suitable for nanomaterials.Health hazards and environmental hazards testing methods shall be revised before they are applied to nanomaterials.It is an important way to improve China’s technical capacity in the risk assessment of nanomaterials by actively participating in international organizations’risk assessment projects of nanomaterials and improving relevant laws and standards.