追寻半导体材料的自立自强:十二年科技规划时期江苏锗提炼的探索过程

To Seek Self-reliance and Self-strengthening in Semiconductor Materials:Exploration Process of Germanium Extraction in Jiangsu Province during the Period of 12-Year Program

1956年制定的《1956~1967年科学技术发展远景规划》将解决锗的原材料问题列为发展半导体技术的核心环节。20世纪50年代末至60年代初,国内多地开始尝试锗提炼。江苏溧水发现含锗赤铁矿后,在中国科学院江苏分院(江苏省科委)和江苏省冶金局先后主持下,探索出了一套独特的工艺和设备方案。梳理了半导体技术在江苏取得锗提炼突破的具体探索过程,认为探索活动也是规划科学技术时期不可忽视的一部分。

In 1956,the framers of the“Long-term Program for Developing Sciences and Technology from 1956 to 1967”proposed resolving raw materials of germanium-related issues as one of the core concerns for the development of the semiconductor technology.From end-1950s to early-1960s,germanium extraction was at-tempted in different places across China.After the germanium-containing hematite was discovered in Lishui,Ji-angsu province,a unique set of techniques and equipment plans were developed under the leadership of the Sci-ence and Technology Commission of Jiangsu Province,i.e.,the predecessor of Jiangsu Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the Province’s Metallurgical Industry Bureau.This article goes through the explorative process regarding the germanium extraction breakthrough in Jiangsu for the development of the semiconductor technology,and holds that explorations were an unignorable part of the planned science and technology era.