知识图谱在智能制造领域的研究现状及其应用前景综述

A Review on Knowledge Graph and Its Application Prospects to Intelligent Manufacturing

数据和知识是新一代信息技术与智能制造深度融合的基础。然而,当前产品设计、制造、装配和服务等过程中,数据及知识的存储大多以传统关系型数据库为基础,这导致了数据及知识的冗余性和搜索及推理的低效性。近年来,知识图谱技术飞速发展起来,它本质上是基于语义网络的思想,可以实现对现实世界的事物及其相互关系的形式化描述。该技术为智能制造领域数据及知识的关联性表达和相关性搜索推理问题的解决带来了可能性,因此其在智能制造的实现过程中扮演着越来越重要的角色。为了给知识图谱在智能制造领域的应用提供理论支撑,总结了知识图谱领域的研究进展;同时探索了知识图谱在智能制造领域的3大类应用方向,共15小类应用前景,分析了在各个应用前景上与传统方法的不同之处,应用过程中所需要使用的知识图谱相关技术以及实施过程中所待突破的关键技术,希望可以为进一步展开针对知识图谱在智能制造领域的研究提供启发,同时为相关企业针对知识图谱的实际应用提供参考;最后以数控车床故障分析为案例,验证了知识图谱在智能制造领域应用的有效性。

Data and knowledge are the basis for the deep integration of new-generation information technology and intelligent manufacturing.However,the storage of data and knowledge in the processes of product design,manufacturing,assembly and service is mostly based on relational database,which brings data redundancy and inefficiency of searching and reasoning.Recently,knowledge graph technology,based on the idea of semantic network,has developed rapidly.It can achieve the description of real-world things and their relationships,which provides a mean for the correlation representation of data and knowledge,and a solution of the relevance searching and reasoning problem in the area of intelligent manufacturing.Therefore,it plays an increasingly important role in the realization of intelligent manufacturing.In order to provide the theoretical support for the application of knowledge graph,a review about the research status of knowledge graph is provided.At the same time,three major applications of knowledge graph in the area of intelligent manufacturing are explored,including a total of 15 small application prospects.Among them,the differences compared with traditional methods,the knowledge graph technology to be introduced and the key technologies to be breakthrough are detailed.It is hoped that it can provide inspiration for researchers to further carry out study on the knowledge graph in the area of intelligent manufacturing,and provide reference for mechanical companies on the application of knowledge graph.Finally,a case about the lathe failure analysis is used to verify the superiority of the knowledge graph in the area of intelligent manufacturing.