2015-2019年锦州市0~6岁儿童传染病报告病例分析

Epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases among the children aged 0 to 6 years in Jinzhou,2015-2019

目的分析锦州市0~6岁儿童传染病发病现状及流行特征,为制定防制策略提供科学依据。方法对2015-2019年锦州市0~6岁儿童法定传染病发病资料进行描述分析,采用SPSS 19.0对数据进行统计分析,发病率间的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2015-2019年锦州市0~6岁儿童年均发病率为359.54/10万,无死亡病例,不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=127.380,P<0.001。发病数居前5位分别是手足口病、猩红热、流行性腮腺炎、流行性感冒及其他感染性腹泻,占发病总数的93.57%。城区年均发病率为536.69/10万,农村为211.85/10万,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=111.778,P<0.001。全年7~8月份发病率较高,占全部病例的41.37%。男性平均发病率为419.47/10万,女性为309.06/10万,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=57.774,P<0.001。发病年龄以3~岁为最多,占19.36%;0~岁发病最少,占9.31%。发病人群以散居儿童为主,占53.23%。结论威胁儿童健康的传染病主要为呼吸道传染病和肠道传染病,应加强相关疾病的宣传教育及疫情监测,有效控制疾病的蔓延。

Objective This paper analyzed the current situation and epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases among children aged 0-6 in Jinzhou City,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the materials about notifiable infectious diseas esamong the children aged 0 to 6 years in 2015-2019.Chi-square test was conducted on the comparison of incidence rate.Results The average annual incidence of the children aged 0 to 6 years was 359.54/100000 from 2015 to 2019.There were no deaths,the incidence of different years was statistically significant(χ^(2)=127.380,P<0.001).The top 5 diseases were handfoot and mouth disease,scarlet fever,mumps,influenza,other infectious diarrhea disease,accounting for 93.57%of all cases.The average annual incidence of urban area was 536.69/100000,and that of rural area was 211.85/100000,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=111.778,P<0.001).High incidence was in July to August,accounting for41.37 per cent of all cases.The average incidence rate of men was 419.47/100000,and that of women was 309.06/100000.The difference between men and women was statistically significant(χ^(2)=57.774,P<0.001).The onset age was3-year-old(19.36%)and 0-year-old(9.31%).The main population was scattered children,accounting for 53.23%.Conclusion Infectious diseases threatening the health of children are mainly respiratory and intestinal infections.We should strengthen the publicity and education of related diseases,surveillance of epidemic situation,and effectively control the spread of diseases.