中共早期动员上海工人的机制

The CPC’s Early Mobilization Mechanism of Shanghai Workers

大革命时期,中共将独立领导工人运动视为自己的基本使命。五卅运动之前,中共以国民党名义举办平民学校,在此基础上成立了过渡性的工人俱乐部,不少俱乐部甚至发展成为正式的工会组织,但领导工人罢工较少。五卅运动发生之后,中共成立了上海总工会,组织触角延伸至社会最基层,促使政治性的工人罢工急剧增加。中共在动员和领导工人罢工的过程中形成了外围组织发动、党团领导、多方势力联合、对困难工人救济、邀请各方力量居中调解等较为完整的运作机制。尽管中共面临经费和干部短缺等问题,但是上海工人运动的发展仍有力地促进了大革命的高涨。

During the Great Revolution, the CPC regarded the independent leadership of the labour movement as its basic mission. Prior to the May 30 th Movement, the CPC set up civilian schools in the name of the Kuomintang. On this basis, they developed into transitional workers’ clubs. Many clubs even developed into formal trade union organizations, but few led workers’ strike. After the May 30 th Movement, the CPC set up the Shanghai General Labour Union, which extended its organizational tentacles to the most basic level of society, resulting in a sharp increase of political strikes of workers. In the process of mobilizing and leading workers’ strikes, the CPC formed a relatively complete operation mechanism, such as the mobilization of peripheral organizations, the leadership of the party and the league, the integration of multiple forces, the relief of the workers in difficulties, and the invitation of various forces to mediate. Despite the CPC’s shortage of funds and cadres, the development of the Shanghai labour movement still effectively promoted the upsurge of the Great Revolution.