后精准扶贫时代的返贫治理机制创新——基于江苏省H县的实证调查

Innovation in Governance Mechanism Preventing Poverty-returning in Post Targeted-poverty-alleviation Era——An Empirical Survey Based on H County in Jiangsu Province

中国扶贫与反贫困工作具有长期性。在2020年全国贫困县全部脱帽和所有贫困人口脱贫的发展目标下,脱贫与返贫压力并存,后精准扶贫时代的返贫治理至关重要。以江苏省H县脱贫和防止返贫攻坚战为例,系统考察其在返贫治理机制上的创新,可以发现,H县建立了返贫阻断、资源下乡和组织下沉三大返贫治理机制。返贫阻断机制切断了脱贫人员返贫路径,为脱贫者提供三重防护网;资源下乡机制解决了返贫治理资源的精准输送、集聚与激活问题;组织下沉机制体现了返贫治理制度的强监管—强激励、统合治理与多元共治特征。在后精准扶贫时代,需要加强返贫阻断、资源下乡和组织下沉的整体性融合,实现制度、资源、人才和组织的优化整合,提高返贫治理绩效。

In achieving the development goal of all poverty-stricken counties across the country and lifting all the poor people out of poverty in 2020,the pressure of poverty alleviation and the pressure of preventing poverty returning coexist.Governance for preventing poverty returning in the post-targeted-poverty-alleviation era is crucial.This paper takes H County in Jiangsu Province as an example for the fight against poverty and the prevention of poverty returning,and systematically investigates its innovation in the governance mechanism for the prevention of poverty returning.The study has found that H County has established three anti-poverty-returning governance mechanisms:blocking the return of poverty,delivering resources to rural areas,and sinking of organizations.The blocking mechanism against poverty returning cuts off the path of poverty-returning,and provides a triple protection net for those who are out of poverty;the rural resources delivery mechanism solves the problem in precise transmission,agglomeration and activation of resources in governance for preventing poverty returning;the sinking of organization mechanism reflects the features of governance such as strong supervision plus strong incentives,integrated governance and multiple co-governance.In the post-targeted-poverty-alleviation era,it is necessary to strengthen the overall integration of blocking mechanism against poverty returning,delivering resources to the rural areas,and sinking organizations to the grassroots level,and to achieve the optimization and integration of systems,resources,talents and organizations,so as to improve the performance of governance against poverty returning.