日本共通考试现状多角度分析:政府、学校和社会舆论

A Multi-dimensional Analysis of Japanese CTUA’s Current Situation:Government,Schools and Public Opinion

2012年以来,日本政府致力于"高大接续"改革,其中包括高中教育改革、大学入学选拔改革和大学教育改革三大支柱。大学入学选拔的改革(以共通考试改革为主)于2021年正式实施,但其中的两大"重磅"内容,即"记述式问题导入"和"英语考试社会化"却均宣布延期执行。"大众迎合主义"在日本政治世界的蔓延以及政府组织的"官僚化",导致施政的仓促和不完善;高等教育的私立化程度和中等教育传统性和固有教育观念也成为政策推行和落实的阻力。日本大学入学改革面临的顿挫反映了日本政府、各类学校和社会舆论相互牵制的现状,从一定程度上强调了推动教育改革时至关重要的几个因素。同时,日本高中的学校教育特点也影响着大学入学的改革。

Since 2012,the Japanese government has been devoted to the reforms of articulation between high school and university,including reforms in upper secondary education,university selection,and the connection between the two.Though the reform of university entrance(Common Test for University Admissions,hereafter,"CTUA")was declared to be carried out in 2021,description-style answer questions and social English tests were declared to be delayed.The problems faced by CTUA are multi-dimensional.First,the spirits of populism and bureaucracy spreading in the Japanese political world caused the reform to be carried out without enough discussion and negotiation.And the unique private school-centralized structure of university education in Japan and the strong traditional educational philosophy of high schools also led to the current results.After all,it reflects that the reform of university entrance should be based on the consensus among the government,schools,and public opinion,and highlights some particular crucial factors reforms in education.Meanwhile,this study also identifies some characteristics of the Japanese high school system.