海绵城市改造对热岛效应减缓效果的估算

Estimation of Mitigation Effect of Sponge City Reconstruction on Heat Island Effect

在气候变化背景下,海绵城市改造热岛效应减缓效果成为人们最为关注的焦点问题之一,准确获取海绵城市改造前、后温度数据是精准评价海绵城市改造对城市热岛减缓效果的重要前提,气象观测站点往往距离海绵改造区具有较远的空间距离,其数据的不适用性极大限制了评价的开展。以武汉市青山、四新示范区为研究区,基于遥感监测、红外热成像技术,采用设立对比区法、以空间换时间法分别从宏观和微观上估算海绵区改造前后的温度变化,评估海绵城市建设对城市热岛效应减缓的效果。结果表明:在宏观上,海绵城市改造对工业区(青山示范区)热岛效应减缓有一定效果,对原始开发程度较低地区(四新示范区)未体现出明显效果;在微观上,不同的改造方式、布设方式,甚至同一材料不同颜色等均对海绵改造热岛减缓效应有影响。设立对比区法、以空间换时间法能够为评价海绵城市改造对城市热岛减缓效果估算提供新的思路,具有很强的实用价值。

In the context of climate change, the mitigating effect of the heat island effect of sponge city reconstruction has become one of the most concerning issues. Accurately obtaining the surface temperature before and after reconstruction of the sponge city is an important prerequisite to precisely evaluate the mitigation of sponge city reconstruction of the urban heat island. Meteorological observation sites often have a relatively long spatial distance from the sponge reconstruction area, and the non-applicability of their data greatly limits the development of evaluation. In this paper, Qingshan District and Sixin District in Wuhan city are taken as research areas. Based on the remote-sensing monitor and infrared thermal imaging technology to estimate the surface temperature of the spongy areas from the macro and micro view. The regional comparison is an important approach to take the strategy space for time to get the surface temperature changes before and after construction that is used to evaluate the results of sponge city construction on the mitigation of the urban heat island effect. Studies have shown that the sponge city reconstruction has a certain effect on reducing heat island effect on the industrial site(Qingshan District) from the macroscopic point of view, but the reconstruction has no obvious effect on Sixin District with a low degree of exploitation and development. Seeing from the microscopic point of view, the different transformation methods, the various layout types, and even the different colors of the same material have an impact on the mitigating effect of the sponge island heat island. The establishment of regional comparison and the approach to take the strategy space of time can set up an effective evaluation system for the mitigation effect of the sponge city reconstruction of the urban heat island. This method has a great practical and applied value which provides a new way to evaluate the mitigating effect of sponge city reconstruction on urban heat island effect.