再思公司经理的法律定位与制度设计

Rethinking the Legal Position and System Design of Company Manager

经理的法律性质和法律地位是我国公司法中最模糊和令人困惑的问题。对其学理上的各种不同界定不过是在不同法律关系中对经理所做的观察,反映了经理法律性质的多元属性。我国公司法上的经理是名副其实的公司业务执行机关,而且是主要的业务执行机关。将董事会定性为业务执行机关不过是对既往历史事实的阐述或沿袭和搬用境外公司法理论和立法。任何公司都离不开日常管理,经理机构设置的必要性显而易见,因而关于经理机关设置及其职权的法律规范应具有一定的强制性。经理与法定代表人并无二致,应改革我国法定代表人制度,在坚持其法定性的同时对其唯一性作适度突破,即采取双法定代表人制度、确认经理为公司法定代表人。

The legal nature and status of the manager are one of the vaguest and confusing issues in the Company Law of China.The diverse academic definitions of the manager are mere observations from different legal relationships,reflecting the multiple attributes of the manager’s legal nature.The manager in Company Law of China is indeed an actual,veritable,and main company business executive agency,rather than auxiliary.Regarding the board of directors as a business executive agency is nothing but an explanation of past historical facts or the inheritance and application of overseas company law theories and legislation.No company can run without daily management.The necessity of setting up a managerial organization is obvious.Therefore,the legal norms concerning the establishment of managerial organizations and their powers should be mandatory.There is no discrepancy between the manager and the legal representative in the Company Law of China.The legal representative system should be reformed.While admitting its statutory nature,make a temperate breakthrough in its uniqueness,adopt the dual legal representative system and confirm the manager as the company legal representative.