街头官僚的道德困境:一个文献综述

The Moral Dilemmas of Street-Level Bureaucrats:A Literature Review

街头官僚身处国家与社会互动的界面,面临着源自政策规则、组织目标及公众需求的多重挑战,从而时常囿于"作为之痒"的道德困境之中。然而,学界就街头官僚作为局内人如何体验并应对道德选择的两难境地,缺乏共识性研究。从街头官僚道德困境的内涵入手,梳理街头官僚道德困境的表现、危害、形成机理及应对策略,以此厘清街头官僚道德困境的研究脉络,并形成较为系统的知识体系。在此基础上,凝炼出未来研究的重要议题:建立普适性和一般化的街头官僚道德困境分析框架;揭示街头官僚作为道德代理人其对道德困境的独特感知和主观体验;识别街头官僚在具体场域中的价值偏好及价值冲突;绘制街头官僚应对道德困境的诊断地图。

At the point of interaction between the state and society,the street-level bureaucrats are faced with multiple challenges coming from policy rules,organizational goals and public demands,and thus are often trapped in the moral dilemmas of"the itch of acting".However,there is a lack of consensus on how street-level bureaucrats,as"insiders",experience and deal with the dilemmas of moral choice.This paper starts from the connotation of the moral dilemmas of the street-level bureaucrats,and sorts out its expressions,detriments,formation mechanism and coping strategies,so as to clarify the research context of the moral dilemma of the street-level bureaucrats and form a relatively systematic knowledge system.On this basis,the paper Outlines the important topics for future research:Establishing a universal and generalized framework for analyzing the moral dilemmas of street-level bureaucrats;Revealing the street-level bureaucrat’s unique perception and subjective experience of moral dilemmas as moral agent;Identifying the value preference and value conflict of the street-level bureaucrat in the specific field;Drawing diagnostic maps for street-level bureaucrats’to copy with moral dilemmas.