环境噪声污染侵权归责原则再议

Re-discussion on the Principle of Imputation of Environmental Noise Pollution Tort

我国环境法学界普遍认为环境噪声侵权适用过错责任原则,而判断过错的依据则是环境噪声排放标准。但是,我国的司法实践对环境噪声侵权纠纷并没有统一适用这种过错责任原则。由于环境噪声污染不具有水污染、大气污染等典型环境污染所具有的累积性、时空迁移性等特征,致使环境噪声的排放与声环境质量具有直接对应关系。基于此种事实,声环境质量标准才是判断环境噪声侵权的主要依据,且环境噪声的排放者应直接对声环境质量负责。因此,环境噪声污染侵权应适用基于声环境质量标准的过错责任原则,并应将《环境噪声污染防治法》第2条规定的"环境噪声污染"修改为"所产生的环境噪声超过国家规定的声环境质量标准,并干扰他人正常生活、工作和学习的现象"。

There is a general belief among researchers of environmental law in China that the principle of fault liability applies to the tort of environmental noise, and the basis for judging fault is the standard on emission of environmental noise. However, China’s judicial practice has not uniformly applied the principle of fault liability to environmental tort cases. Since the environmental noise pollution does not have the characteristics of accumulation and temporal and spatial migration of typical environmental pollution such as water pollution and air pollution, the emission of environmental noise has a direct corresponding relationship with the sound environmental quality. Based on this fact, the standard of sound environmental quality is the main basis to judge the tort of environmental noise. Besides, the emitters of environmental noise should be directly responsible for the sound environmental quality. Therefore, tort of environmental noise pollution should apply the principle of fault liability standards, which is based on the acoustic environmental quality. Besides, article 2 of Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China should be revised from"environmental noise pollution" to "generated environmental noise that exceeds the standards of acoustic environmental quality, and interferes with other people’s normal life, work and study".