欧洲三国创新政策的实践及对中国的启示

The Practice of Innovation Policy in Three European Countries and Its Inspiration for China

创新政策影响创新发展和传播的全过程。本文选取欧洲三个创新型国家,对比分析其创新政策实践。研究表明,英国创新政策注重可持续发展,政府投资信托企业和"中间型"研发机构有效促进变革型创新;瑞典聚焦提升企业主体创新能力,成立国有风投公司支持早期创新企业;德国创新政策围绕产业集群,构建创新系统,降低科研成本。中国应借鉴上述创新型国家可持续创新、强化产业集群等经验,确立企业主体地位,提高自主创新能力。

Innovation policy influences the innovation development and diffusion chain.This paper comparativel yanalyzes three representative European countries regarding their innovation policy implementation.According to the research,UK’s innovation policy focuses on sustainable development and transformative change,corresponding policy instruments include public investment in Carbon Trust and intermediate research institution.Swedish government established venture capital enterprise to support early-stage entrepreneurial company and build up innovation capability.German innovation policy concentrates on industrial clusters,which lower the R&D cost tremendously by forming an innovation system.China should learn from the above experiences,such as sustainable-oriented development,forming industrial clusters and guarantee priority of enterprise innovation,to boost the country’s independent innovation capability.