分配公平视角下我国发展农村普惠金融研究

Research on the Development of Rural Inclusive Finance in China from the Perspective of Distribution Equity

农村普惠金融是逐步缩小城乡二元差距、推动社会分配公平的有效路径。我国农村银行机构多次进行改革和探索,包括银行机构改制、推进农户联保贷款、鼓励银行机构下乡增设网点、给予面向“三农”金融服务的财税支持、实行较低的存款准备金率政策等等,农村资金供给和服务取得了长足进步。但是,由于农村金融改革往往头痛医头、单兵突进,效果并不理想,农村资金供给不足、服务效率偏低的局面仍未根本改变,金融服务乡村振兴的功能发挥不充分。因此,改善农村金融供给和服务,必须坚持系统思维、综合施策,放在农村经济发展水平、经济体制改革和农村公共治理、农村金融供给的交易成本、农村银行体系改革和农村社会治理的大背景下进行。文章阐述了农村普惠金融服务的现状和特点,查找了农村普惠金融供给和服务的薄弱环节,分析了供给不足的主要原因,提出了服务乡村振兴、助力解决协调公平发展问题的有关对策和建议。

Since the reform and opening up,China’s rural banking institutions have carried out many reforms and explorations,including the reform of banking institutions,the promotion of farmers’joint guarantee loans,the encouragement of banking institutions to set up branches in the countryside,financial and tax support for“agriculture,rural areas and farmers”financial services,and the implementation of a lower reserve requirement policy,etc.Considerable progress has been made in the provision of funds and services in rural areas.However,as the rural financial reform is often a headache,one-man rush,the effect is not ideal.Rural capital supply is insufficient,and low service efficiency situation has not fundamentally changed.Therefore,to improve rural financial supply and services,we must adhere to a systematic thinking and comprehensive measures in the context of the level of rural economic development,the reform of economic system and rural public governance,the transaction cost of rural financial supply,the reform of rural banking system and rural social governance.As the rural financial supply and service is a weak link in the field of financial services,this paper,according to international standards and concepts,calls the rural banking financial supply and service as rural inclusive financial services.This paper describes the status quo and characteristics of rural inclusive financial services,analyzes the main reasons for the shortage of rural inclusive financial supply and services,and puts forward countermeasures to solve this problem.