语言政策与摩洛哥现代国家的建构

Language Policy and the Construction of Modern Moroccan State

摩洛哥语言政策的变迁反映了执政者意识形态转变的过程,即由殖民化转向阿拉伯化、伊斯兰化,再转向多元化、民主化和生态化的转变。在社会语言学语言政策理论指导下,分析语言与权力的关系,研究发现,摩洛哥各个时期的语言政策都能在一定程度上解决当时的语言问题,缓解社会矛盾,维护执政合法性和巩固政权。随着语言政策的变迁,不同的意识形态成为主流,国家身份认同建构起来,民族身份认同被唤醒和强化。认同建构是现代国家建构的重要内容,执政者通过语言政策影响认同建构,强化意识形态建设,实现治理目的,建构现代国家。

The change of Moroccan language policy reflects the process of ideological transformation of the rulers from colonization to Arabization and Islamization,and then to pluralization,democratization and ecologization.Based on the sociolinguistics language policy theory,this paper analyzes the relationship between language and power,and discovers that the language policies of Morocco in various periods could,to a certain extent,solve the language problems,alleviate social contradictions,maintain the legitimacy of governance and consolidate the political power.With the changes in language policies,pluralistic ideologies have become the mainstream.At the same time,national identity has been constructed and ethnic identification has been awakened and strengthened.The construction of identity is an important part of modern state construction.Through the implementation of language policies,rulers exert their influences on the identity and ideology construction,in order to realize the purpose of governance and constructing a modern state.