吉林地区奶牛隐性乳腺炎流行病学与相关因素的调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Epidemiology and Related Factors of Recessive Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Jilin

为更好探索吉林地区奶牛隐性乳腺炎发病规律,科学有效防控本地区奶牛隐性乳腺炎。调查了2019年1—12月吉林地区桦甸市等6个区域共计5826头奶牛,从区域、胎次、产奶量、养殖方式、泌乳阶段、挤奶方式及饲养管理水平方面展开调查,分离鉴定了吉林地区奶牛隐性乳腺炎的主要致病菌类型。结果显示:桦甸市发病率最高,为60.32%;永吉县发病率最低,为35.31%;2胎发病率最低,7胎及以上发病率明显升高;5—10月份以及12月份奶牛隐性乳腺炎发病率明显升高;年产奶量高于7000 kg奶牛隐性乳腺炎发病率明显升高;泌乳高峰期、泌乳中期奶牛隐性乳腺炎发病率明显升高;吉林地区奶牛隐性乳腺炎主要致病菌为葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌以及链球菌等,混合感染发病率更高。表明加强饲养管理、科学免疫、优化种群结构、规范及时诊疗疾病以及合理发挥奶牛生产性能才能保障奶牛养殖业健康、可持续发展。

In order to better explore the incidence of recessive mastitis in dairy cows in Jilin,a total of 5826 dairy cows were investigated in Huadian city,Jilin province from January to December^(2)019.The main pathogenic bacteria types of recessive mastitis in dairy cows in Jilin were isolated and identified from the aspects of region,parity,milk yield,breeding method,lactation stage,milking method and feeding management level.The results showed that the highest incidence was 60.32%in Huadian city and the lowest was 35.31%in Yongji county.The incidence in cow with 2 births was the lowest,and the incidence in cow with 7 births or above was significantly increased.The incidence of recessive mastitis in cows was significantly increased from May to October and December.The incidence of recessive mastitis in cows with annual milk yield higher than 7000 kg was significantly increased.The incidence of recessive mastitis in cows at the peak and middle stage of lactation was significantly increased.The main pathogenic bacteria of recessive mastitis in Jilin area were Staphylococcus,Escherichia coli and Streptococcus,etc.,and the incidence rate of mixed infection was higher.The results suggested that the healthy and sustainable development of cow breeding industry could be guaranteed only by strengthening feeding management,scientific immunization,optimizing population structure,standardizing timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases and rationally giving full play to cow production performance.