四川省新型冠状病毒肺炎患者出院复阳病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of The Recovered COVID-19 Patients With Re-detectable Positive RNA Test in Sichuan Province

目的了解四川省新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎,coronavirus disease,COVID-19)患者出院复阳病例的流行病学特征,为科学防治提供依据。方法对截止2020-04-07四川省541例新冠肺炎确诊病例进行出院后随访调查,对其中的62例出院复阳病例进行流行病学特征分析,统计分析采用卡方检验。结果截至2020-04-07,四川省报告复阳病例62例,复阳率为11.83%。复阳病例发病日期主要集中在1月下旬至2月上旬;分布在14个市/州;男女性别比为1.95∶1,平均年龄为37.6岁,40岁以下男性复阳率较高;职业以农民、家务及待业构成比较高。复阳病例代际构成比与非复阳病例基本一致。复阳病例的干咳构成比低于非复阳病例(χ2=7.718,P=0.005),而咽痛的构成比高于非复阳病例(χ2=7.002,P=0.008)。不同临床分型的复阳率分别为轻型8.93%、普通型11.21%、重型14.04%、危重型21.43%。复阳病例从发病到入院的时间间隔平均为3.66 d,中位数是2.5 d;入院到出院的时间间隔平均为21 d,中位数是17 d;核酸检测阳性的持续时间最短为15 d,最长为61 d,平均数为34.57 d,中位数为30.50 d。复阳病例的呼吸道和粪便标本阳性率分别为60.66%、55.56%。结论加强对新冠肺炎出院复阳病例的进一步研究。建议各地继续加强对出院复阳病例及其密切接触者的规范管理,对其可能污染的环境进行彻底消毒处理,预防其可能导致的传播风险。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the recovered COVID-19 patients with re-detectable positive(RP) RNA test in Sichuan province, so as to provide the evidence for scientific prevention and treatment. Methods A follow-up survey was conducted among 541 recovered COVID-19 patients in Sichuan province updated to 2020-04-07, and the epidemiological characteristics of 62 RP patients were analyzed. Chi-square statistical methods were used. Results A total of 62 RP patients were reported up to 2020-04-07 in Sichuan province,and the rate was 11.83%. The onset date of the RP patients was mainly from late January to early February in 14 different cities. The ratio of male to female was 1.95∶1 and the average age was 37.6 years old. The male under 40 years old had a higher repositive rate and the occupation is farmer, housework and unemployment. The generation composition ratio of 62 RP patients and non-RP patients were basically the same. The proportion of dry cough in RP patients was lower than that in non-RP patients (χ2=7.718,P=0.005). And the proportion of sore throat was higher than that of non-RP patients (χ2=7.002,P=0.008). The repositive rates of different clinical types were 8.93% in mild type, 11.21% in common type,14.04% in severe type and 21.43% in critical type. The average interval from onset to admission of the RP patients was 3.66 days,and the median was 2.5 days. The average interval between admission and discharge of the RP patients was 21 days,with the median of 17 days. The duration of positive RNA test was 15 days the shortest, 61 days the longest, 34.57 days the average and 30.50 days the median. The positive rates of respiratory and fecal specimens were60.66% and 55.56%. Conclusion To strengthen the further study on the recovered COVID-19 patients with RP RNA test. It is recommended that all localities continue to strengthen the standardized management of the RP patients and their close contacts, and to disinfect the environment which may be polluted by them to prevent the possible risk of transmission.