2010-2019年滨州市突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Public Health Emergency in Binzhou From 2010 to 2019

目的分析滨州市近年突发公共卫生事件特点,为突发公共卫生事件研判和处置提供参考。方法根据突发公共卫生事件报告系统直报资料,对滨州市2010-2019年突发公共卫生事件进行流行病学分析。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行χ2检验、Spearman相关系数检验。结果滨州市2010-2019年共报告突发公共卫生事件259起,其中未分级事件252(97.30%)起,一般事件4起(1.54%),较大事件3起(1.16%),无重大和特别重大突发公共卫生事件报告,波及人口数共计208 208人,发病人数7 556人,罹患率为3.63%,死亡12人;事件类别以传染病类事件为主(64.48%),其中流行性感冒事件71起(占传染病事件42.51%),手足口病事件36起(占传染病事件21.56%);时间分布呈逐年递增趋势,主要集中在4-6月和11月-次年1月,与传染病事件月分布高峰基本一致;家庭和学校为突发公共卫生事件的主要场所,分别占49.81%和45.17%,不同场所突发公共卫生事件罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=2 461.353,P=0<0.05);事件发生时间到接报时间的中位数为0.06(0~45.08)d,持续时间的中位数为7.50(0~50.88)d,事件发生到接报时间与事件持续时间的Spearman相关系数rs=0.442,P<0.001,两者之间存在正相关关系。结论家庭和学校是滨州市突发公共卫生事件高发场所,传染病为突发公共卫生事件的主要类型,应对突发公共卫生事件应及早处置,以减小事件波及的范围和危害。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Binzhou in recent years so as to provide references for the research, judgment and control of public health emergencies. Methods Public health emergencies in Binzhou from 2010 to 2019 reported by the public health emergencies reporting system were collected and analyzed. chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient test was used by SPSS 25.0 software. Results A total of259 public health emergencies were reported in Binzhou from 2010 to 2019, including 252(97.30%) unclassified incidents, 4 general incidents(1.54%), 3 greater incidents(1.16%). No major incidents and particularly major public health emergencies were reported. A total of 208 208 people were involved, and a total of 7 556 people were infected with an attack rate of 3.63%. Notably,12 deaths were reported. The main types of incidents were infectious diseases(64.48%), including 71 incidents of influenza(accounting for 42.51% of infectious disease incidents), and 36 incidents of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(accounting for 21.56% of infectious disease incidents). An increasing trend of the emergencies have been observed year by year. Most incidents concentrated in April to June and November to January. Homes and schools are the main places for public health emergencies, accounting for 49.81% and 45.17%, respectively. The difference in the incidence of public health emergencies in different places is statistically significant (χ2=2 461.353, P<0.05). The median time from the occurrence of the incident to reporting is 0.06(0-45.08) d, the median duration of the incident is 7.50(0-50.88) d. The time from the occurrence to reporting of the public health emergencies and the duration of the incidents has a positive correlation, and the Spearman correlation coefficient between the two is rs=0.442,P<0.001. Conclusion Homes and schools are the places with high incidence of public health emergencies in Binzhou City. Infectious diseases are the main types of public health emergencies.We should response to public health emergencies as soon as possible to reduce the scope and harm of the incident.