数据伦理学的基本问题

Fundamentals of Data Ethics

科技伦理学的研究应该从科技创新、研发和应用的实践中提出的规范性问题出发,而不是从哲学原则或概念出发。数据科技在我国的发展和应用提出了迫切需要解决的数据保护和数据安全问题,包括国家的数据安全和个人的数据保护。通过分析数据的概念、数据科技的特点以及个人数据概念指出数据科技存在特殊的伦理问题需要研究解决,而基本的伦理问题是一方面要促进数据科技的发展和应用,另一方面要确保对数据背后的人的尊重。重点讨论了数据伦理学中核心的价值、受益与风险的评估、知情同意以及算法中的伦理问题。

The study of science and technology ethics should proceed from the normative issues in the practice of innovation,research&development and application,rather than philosophical principles or concepts.It is urgent to protect data and data security since data science has been rapidly developed and widely used in China,including national data security and personal data protection.Based on the study of data concept,characteristic and personal data concept,special ethical problems in data science are expected to be solved.It is ethical to promote the development and application of data science/technology,and ensure the respect for people behind data.Meanwhile,this paper discusses in detail the core value of data ethics,the assessment of benefits and risks,informed consent and the ethical issues in algorithms.