数据保护与数据共享的平衡--数据共享伦理学

Balance between Data Protection and Data Sharing:Ethics of Data Sharing

首先介绍数据共享的概念、要素和共享活动的种类。数据共享活动中的关键要素包括:应予共享的数据类型、共享数据的提供者和接受者,以及数据是否和何时向公众公开等内容。接着论证数据共享是一项道德律令,其中讨论了对待数据的径路,支持数据共享的伦理论证,数据共享可能引起的风险,数据共享伦理学的核心问题以及数据所有权和隐私悖论问题。科研人员既有义务共享其研究成果,又有责任最大化共享带来的收益同时最小化其潜在的风险,而这其中需要重点解决所有权和隐私悖论两个问题。最后扼要讨论了数据共享的治理问题,并提供了可供参考的风险评估框架。

This article first introduces the concept of data sharing,elements and types of data sharing activities.Key elements of data sharing activities include the types of data to be shared,the providers and recipients of shared data,and whether and when data is made public.Then it is argued that data sharing is a moral imperative,which discusses the approaches to data,arguments for data sharing,and possible risks caused by data sharing.The core issues of data sharing ethics are data ownership and privacy paradox.Researchers have both the obligation to share their research results and the responsibility to maximize the benefits of data sharing and minimize their potential risks.Finally,governance issues in data sharing are briefly discussed and a risk assessment framework for reference is proposed.