熊彼特的“社会主义”究竟是什么主义?

What Exactly Was Schumpeter’s“Socialism”?

熊彼特虽然是西方经济学界的重要代表人物,但体现其社会主义思想的《资本主义、社会主义与民主》一书却对非资本主义国家的影响也很大,被译成多种文字出版。有学者对熊彼特社会主义观持肯定态度,也有学者认为熊彼特所倡导的社会主义只不过是国家垄断资本主义,是反马克思主义的社会主义。文章依照熊彼特的逻辑框架,从熊彼特“社会主义”定义的辨析、“社会主义”蓝图的构想、“社会主义化”的形式三方面来具体剖析他的社会主义观,明晰熊彼特所谓“社会主义”并不是马克思主义的社会主义,它并没有触动生产资料的资本主义私人占有制,国家也仍然是资本主义的国家。

Although Schumpeter is an important representative in the western economic circle,his book,Capi⁃talism,Socialism and Democracy,which reflects his socialist thoughts,has a great influence on non-capitalist coun⁃tries,published in many languages.Some scholars hold a positive attitude towards Schumpeter’s view of socialism,while others believe that the socialism advocated by Schumpeter is nothing but state monopoly capitalism and antiMarxist socialism.According to the logic framework of Schumpeter,this paper differentiates and analyses the defini⁃tion of“socialism”,the blueprint of“socialism”and the form of“socialism”,which gives the specific analy⁃sis of his view on socialism.The analysis tries to clarify that Schumpeter’s“socialism”does not conform to the Marxism,and does not touch the capitalist private possession of means of production system.Therefore,the country is still capitalism.