金融科技对商业银行效率的影响研究——基于技术溢出视角的分析

Research on the Impact of Fintech on the Efficiency of Commercial Banks--An Analysis from the Perspective of Technology Spillover

基于技术溢出理论分析金融科技影响商业银行效率的理论机理,借助无导向型DEA-Malmquist指数模型测算商业银行的全要素生产率,并利用2009-2019年上市银行数据进行面板SYSGMM模型实证分析。结果显示:金融科技技术溢出对商业银行效率具有正外部效应,有助于商业银行效率的提升;金融科技技术溢出对不同类型商业银行具有异质性,城市商业银行吸收能力最强,大型国有商业银行次之,股份制商业银行和农村商业银行较弱;选取的控制变量对商业银行效率的影响显著,其中国内生产总值等因素对商业银行效率呈正向影响,而外商直接投资等因素对商业银行效率呈负向影响。最后提出商业银行应用金融科技提升效率的政策建议。

In recent years,with the vigorous development of digital economy,commercial banks are facing huge impacts from fintech,and their efficiency has been the focus of attention.Based on the theory of technology spill⁃over,this paper analyzes the theoretical mechanism of the impact of fintech on the efficiency of commercial banks,measures the total factor productivity of commercial banks with the help of the unoriented DEA-Malmquist index model,and makes an empirical analysis with the panel SYSGMM model based on the data of listed banks from 2009 to 2019.The results show that:The technology spillover of fintech exists for the efficiency of commercial banks,namely the positive external effect,which is conducive to the improvement of commercial banks’efficiency;the technology spillover of fintech is heterogeneous to different types of commercial banks,where the absorptive capaci⁃ty of urban commercial banks is the strongest,followed by large state-owned commercial banks,and joint-stock commercial banks and rural commercial banks are weaker;the selected control variables have a significant impact on the efficiency of commercial banks,in which,GDP and other factors have a positive impact on the efficiency of commercial banks,while foreign direct investment and other factors have a negative impact.Finally,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on how to improve the efficiency of commercial banks by applying fintech.