不同棚膜对四川盆地春季设施光温环境及茄子生长的影响

Effects of Different Greenhouse Films on Light-Temperature Environment and Eggplant Growth under Greenhouse Condition during Spring in Sichuan Basin

为了研究不同棚膜对四川盆地设施光温条件和茄子生长的影响,以茄子品种黑霸为试材,设置3个棚膜处理和1个露地对照,测定不同棚模覆盖的环境参数、茄子生长及产量指标。结果表明,散射光膜、PEP(一种共挤压式3层复合膜)新膜以及PEP旧膜均降低了设施内光照强度,同时显著增加了设施内温度;与露地相比,PEP新膜和PEP旧膜处理的茄子株高、茎粗均显著降低,散射光膜处理的茄子株高和茎粗差异不显著;散射光膜处理的茄子单果质量较露地茄子显著增加,PEP新膜与露地间无差异,PEP旧膜显著降低了茄子单果质量;3种膜处理均降低了茄子结果数和产量。四川盆地露地栽培比设施栽培有利于茄子的生长和结果,高温和弱光是导致设施栽培茄子结果数和产量减少的主要原因。四川盆地春季茄子生产前期可覆盖棚膜保温提苗,在4月中下旬适时撤去棚膜。

To study the effect of different greenhouse films on the light and temperature conditions and the growth and development of eggplants in Sichuan Basin,the eggplant variety Heiba was used as the test material in this experiment.Three greenhouse film treatments and one open field control were set up to measure and analyze environmental parameters,eggplant growth and yield indicators in different treatments.The result showed that the scattered film,the new PEP film and the old PEP film all reduced the light intensity in the greenhouse,while significantly increased the temperature in the greenhouse.Compared with the open field eggplant,the plant height and stem diameter of the eggplant in the new PEP and old PEP greenhouse film reduced,and the plant height and stem diameter of the eggplant in the scattered greenhouse film had not significant different.The single fruit quality of eggplant in the scattered greenhouse film was significantly higher than that of open field eggplant.There was no difference between the new PEP film and open field.The old PEP film significantly reduced the single fruit quality of eggplant.All three film treatments reduced the fruit number and yield of eggplant,but the scattered film was better than the new PEP film and the old PEP film.The open field cultivation in spring in the Sichuan basin was more beneficial to the growth and yield of eggplant than the facility cultivation.High temperature and weak light were the main reasons leading to the decrease in the fruit number and yield of the planted eggplant.In the early stage of spring eggplant production in the Sichuan Basin,the film can be covered for heat preservation,and the film can be removed according to the temperature in mid-to-late April to increase the yield.