覆秸秆配施肥对土壤含水量及杏扁叶片光合特性的影响

Effects of Straw Mulching Together with Fertilization on Soil Moisture Content and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Prunus armeniaca L.Leaves

为探究张家口市北部高寒山区覆秸秆配施肥对杏扁土壤含水量及叶片光合结构、生理功能的影响,以3年生优一杏扁为试材,采用莜麦秸秆覆盖配合施肥进行处理,以当地常规管理(不覆盖不施肥)为对照,研究土壤含水量以及杏扁叶片显微结构、光合生理参数、叶片及果实生长发育的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,覆秸秆配施肥处理可以显著提高土壤含水量,8月最高可达25.2%;使杏扁叶片显微结构发生了显著变化,叶片厚度、栅栏组织和栅栏组织/海绵组织的值分别较对照显著增加了16.8%、39.0%和21.2%,海绵组织较对照也增加了12.9%,但差异不显著;显著改变了叶片光合色素含量及光合生理参数,其中,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量、净光合速率及水分利用率显著升高,增幅分别达64.4%、44.3%、56.8%、21.2%和22.0%;显著促进了叶片及果实的生长发育,叶面积、叶比质量、单果质量和单核质量均显著增大,增幅分别达49.8%、23.8%、77.3%和51.0%;出核率有所下降,降幅为12.5%。覆秸秆配施肥处理能显著改善高寒山区杏扁的叶片光合结构、提高光合效率、改善果实品质及提高果核产量。

To investigate the effect of straw mulching together with fertilization on soil moisture content,photosynthetic apparatus and physiological function of Prunus armeniaca L.leaves in the northern alpine region of Zhangjiakou,3 years old Youyi Prunus armeniaca L.and local crop naked oats straw were used as materials,naked oats straw mulching together with fertilization was used to study the changes of soil moisture content,leaf microstructure,photosynthetic physiological parameters,leaf and fruit growth and development of Prunus armeniaca L.leaves.The results showed that compared with the control,soil moisture content increased significantly by straw mulching together with fertilization,which reached the maximum of 25.2%in August.Leaf microstructure changed significantly,and compared with the control,the thickness of leaf,palisade tissue and ratio of PT/ST increased by 16.8%,39.0%and 21.2%,respectively,spongy tissue increased by 12.9%,but there was no obvious difference.It also improved significantly the photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthetic physiological parameter,and compared with the control,the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll contents,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and water utilization ratio(WUE)increased by 64.4%,44.3%,56.8%,21.2%and 22.0%,respectively.Furthermore,the growth and development levels of leaves and fruits improved significantly.The leaf area,leaf proportion,the quality of single fruit and nucleus increased by 49.8%,23.8%,77.3%and 51.0%,respectively.However,the nucleus rate was significantly lower than control by 12.5%.The results show that straw mulching together with fertilization can significantly improve the leaf microstructure and photosynthetic efficiency,improve the quality of fruit and increase yield.