中国校外学习的系统建构——基于四维学习理论视角

The Construction of Off-school Learning System in China--From the Perspective of Four-dimensional Learning Theory

学习化社会命题和理念将学习带出狭隘的学校系统,描绘了校内学习和校外学习共生互补的美好蓝图。以四维学习理论作为观察视角,校外学习确能增益校内学习所不能,但当前我国中小学生校外学习却走上了补习化歧路,在学习目的、内容、驱动力和方式四维度上皆有“反学习”表征。校外学习虽然在投入和决策上具有“私人性”,但在结果上对学习的危害和引发的教育不平等却具有“公共性”。因此,政府应将校外学习纳入公共服务范畴。校外学习的本源正道可以依循四维学习理论来规划,并且把提高校外学习资源的教育适用性作为当下即可实施之策。

The proposition and idea of learning society takes learning out of the narrow school system and paints a beautiful blueprint of symbiosis and complementarity between in-school learning and off-school learning.From the perspective of four-dimensional learning theory,off-school learning can indeed enhance in-school learning.However,at present,the off-school learning of primary and secondary school students in our country has gone on the wrong path of tutoring,which is characterized by“anti-learning”in the four dimensions of learning purpose,content,driving force and way.Although off-school learning is“private”in terms of input and decision-making,it is“public”in terms of its consequences for learning and educational inequality.Therefore,the government should bring off-school learning into the scope of public service.This is because the right path of off-school learning can not only be planned according to the four-dimensional learning theory,and improving the educational applicability of off-school learning resources is also a strategy that can be implemented at present.