职务科技成果长期使用权的法构造及实现路径

The Legal Structure and Realization Path of the Long-term Use Right of the Job-based Scientific and Technological Achievements

我国职务科技成果转化效率严重偏低,反映了仅着眼于科研人员收益分配和收入增加的渐变模式已不能满足创新驱动发展战略的需要。与《促进科技成果转化法》规定的协议使用权制度不同,《赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点实施方案》提出的科研人员职务科技成果长期使用权制度是一项全新的制度创新,体现了以科研人员为核心的权利配置理念,兼顾了公平与效率的权利配置原则,有助于破除职务科技成果转化中面临的制度障碍。在具体建构路径上,职务科技成果共有权是科研人员权益的长久保障,长期使用权应以共有权为基础,由法律将其设定为科研人员享有的一项物权化的优先权利。

The low transformation rate of job-based scientific and technological achievements in China reflects that the gradual change mode focusing only on the income distribution and income increase of scientific researchers can no longer meet the needs of innovation-driven development strategy.Different from the agreement use right system stipulated in the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements,the long-term use right system of scientific and technological achievements of scientific researchers proposed in the Pilot Implementation Plan for Granting the Ownership or Long-term Use Right of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Scientific Researchers is a new system innovation,which embodies the concept of rights allocation with scientific researchers as the core,and takes into account the rights allocation principle of fairness and efficiency,and helps to break down the institutional obstacles in the transformation of the achievements.In the specific construction path,the right of co-ownership of job-based scientific and technological achievements is the long-term protection of the rights and interests of scientific researchers.The long-term use right should be based on the right of co-ownership,which is set as a priority right of real right enjoyed by scientific researchers by law.