对外援助、出口网络与企业出口目的国边际扩张

China’s Outward Aid,Export Networks and Firms’ Marginal Expansion of Export Destination

基于2007—2013年的中国海关数据和AidData数据,本文考察了出口网络和对外援助对企业出口目的国边际扩张的影响机制。研究表明,企业以往的出口网络会引导企业新进入出口目的国的方向,而政府的对外援助能放大出口网络的作用,鼓励更多的企业进入那些与其出口网络相近的受援国。区分不同类型的出口行为发现,出口网络和对外援助对存在边际扩张的企业的持续性出口和试探性出口行为都有显著影响,但在网络和援助的协同作用下,企业更倾向于在市场中建立持续性的出口关系。最后,本文发现,出口网络的导流作用会促使新出口商以更低的价格和更低的质量进入目标国,但对外援助可以部分缓解出口网络的负面作用。

Based on China Customs Data and AidData from 2007 to 2013,this paper examines the mechanisms of export networks and outward aid on the marginal expansion of export destinations.The research results show that the previous export networks of enterprises will guide the direction of new export destinations of enterprises,and the government's outward aid can magnify the impact of export networks and encourage more enterprises to enter recipient countries which are in proximity to the previous export networks.By distinguishing different types of export behaviors of enterprises,it finds that both export networks and outward aid have a significant impact on the continuous export and tentative export behaviors of enterprises with marginal expansion,but under the synergistic effect of the network and aid,the enterprises are more inclined to establish continuous export relationship in the market.Finally,this paper finds that export networks lead new exporters to enter the target market at a lower price and with lower quality,while outward aid can partially alleviate the negative effect of export networks.