磷灰石含稀土机制与分离特性研究

Study on the Mechanism of Apatite Containing REEs and Separation Characteristic

对某含稀土的磷灰石矿,应用能量色谱分析(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)揭示了磷灰石含稀土的机制:磷灰石包裹微细独立稀土矿物和RE^(3+)晶格替代磷灰石中的Ca^(2)+。工艺矿物学结果表明:稀土矿物粒度微细,其中30%以上分布于难选粒级-0.01 mm,且与磷灰石、含铌矿物和含铁矿物嵌布共生关系复杂。物理分离特性研究表明:磁选和重选不能实现稀土和磷的分离与富集;浮选能实现磷与铌、铁的分离,但不能实现稀土和磷的分离。对于此类含稀土磷矿,建议采用选-冶联合的技术路线,预先通过浮选富集稀土磷混合精矿,再冶金分离稀土和磷。

For a REEs-containing apatite,the application of energy disperse spectroscopy(EDS)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)revealed the mechanism of apatite containing REEs:apatite encapsulates fine rare earth minerals and RE^(3+)replaces the Ca^(2+)in apatite lattice.The results of process mineralogy showed that the size of rare earth minerals is fine,over 30%were distributed at-0.01 mm refractory size range,and the intergrowth relationship with apatite,niobium-containing minerals and iron-containing minerals is complicated.Research on physical separation characteristics shows that magnetic separation(MS)and gravity separation(GS)cannot achieve the separation and enrichment of REEs minerals and apatite;flotation can achieve the separation of apatite from niobium and iron minerals,but cannot achieve the separation of REEs minerals and apatite.For such REEs-containing apatite,it is recommended to adopt the combined technical route of beneficiation-metallurgy to enrich the REEs minerals and apatite bulk concentrate through flotation in advance,and then separate REEs and P2O5by metallurgy.