高血压患者与一般人群健康素养水平比较研究

A comparative study on health literacy between hypertensive patients and general population

目的比较高血压患者与一般人群健康素养水平的差异,探索健康素养对于高血压预防与控制的意义。方法样本来源于2019年中国居民健康素养监测数据,将数据库中自报患有高血压者10605人和自报未患慢性病者56846人作为研究对象。采用中国健康教育中心编制的《中国居民健康素养量表》对调查对象健康素养进行测评,量表中包括6个高血压相关知识。结果高血压患者具备健康素养的比例为10.01%(1062人),低于一般人群的16.13%(9168人),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高年龄组中,高血压患者的具备健康素养比例反而高于一般人群(P<0.05)。高血压患者自测血压题目的正确率为50.34%,高于一般人群的48.54%(P<0.05)。控制社会学特征和吸烟状况后,高血压患者与一般人群健康素养的差异无统计学意义,调整后OR值为1.074(95%CI:0.994~1.16)。此外,健康素养与地区、年龄、文化程度、吸烟状况等因素有关。结论高血压患者健康素养水平较低,应进一步加强其健康教育;同时要加强基础教育,并以中部和西部地区为重点区域。

Objective To compare the health literacy level between hypertensive patients and the general population,and to explore the effects of health literacy on hypertension prevention and control.Methods 10605 self-reported hypertensives and 56846 self-reported non-chronic patients from the Health Literacy Surveillance of Chinese residents in 2019 were analyzed.The Chinese Health Literacy Scale developed by Chinese Center for Health Education was used to evaluate the respondents’health literacy,and six hypertension related knowledge questions were included in the Scale.Results The proportion of hypertension patients with adequate health literacy was 10.01%(1062),lower than 16.13%(9168)of the general population,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the higher age groups,the proportion of hypertension patients with adequate health literacy was higher than that of the general population(P<0.05).The correct rate of self-measured blood pressure in hypertension patients was 50.34%,which was higher than 48.54%in general population(P<0.05).After controlling for sociological characteristics and smoking status,there was no difference in health literacy between hypertension patients and general population,adjusted OR=1.074(95%CI:0.994-1.16).Additionally,health literacy was associated with region,age,education level and smoking status.Conclusion Hypertension patients have relative low health literacy,patient health education should be further strengthened.And it is necessary to strengthen basic education and focus on the central and western regions.