上海市嘉定区2020年28家工业企业职业危害现状分析

Analysis of the Status of Occupational Hazards in 28 Industrial Enterprises in Jiading,Shanghai,2020

目的了解评估上海市嘉定区部分工业企业职业危害现状,为当地职业病防治提供参考。方法依据《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》由专业人员对职业场所的职业危害因素进行检测评估,并描述合格率的分布特征规律。结果嘉定区28家企业对噪声,粉尘,毒物和高温检测受检率分别依次为89.3%,92.9%,82.1%,14.3%,其中合格率分别为68.0%,88.5%,100%和75.0%;防护设备配备率100%。机构从业人员配置方面,Fisher确切概率检验结果显示冶金行业(41.8%)和建材行业(35.2%)较化工行业(26.0%)的职业危害暴露比例较高,但其职业卫生管理人员数量却较少,仅0%和0.5%(P<0.001)。合格率分布特征方面,冶金行业的噪声合格率为0%,远低于化工(92.3%)和建材(62.5%)的噪声合格率。结论上海市嘉定区化学毒物控制较好,但噪声,粉尘和高温的职业危害有待改进,尤其是建材和冶金行业的噪声暴露严重,可增设职业卫生管理人员,加强卫生监督。

Objective To explore status of occupational disease hazards in Jiading District,Shanghai and provide reference for local occupational disease prevention.Methods According to occupational exposure to Harmful Factors in the workplace,the professional staff detected and evaluated the occupational hazard factors and described the distribution characteristics of the qualification rate.Results The detection rate of noise,dust,toxicant and high temperature in 28 enterprises in Jiading district was 89.3%,92.9%,82.1% and 14.3% respectively,among which the pass rate was 68.0%,88.5%,100% and 75.0% respectively.The protective equipment allocation rate is 100%.In agency staff configuration,Fisher test’ results show that the metal processing industry(41.8%) and construction building materials industry(35.2%) of the hazard substances exposed ratio are higher than coating chemical industry(26.0%),but the number of occupational health management,only 0% and 0.5%(P <0.001),respectively.In terms of the distribution characteristics of pass rate,the noise pass rate of metal processing is 0%,far lower than the conclusion that the noise pass rate of paint chemical industry(92.3%) and construction building materials(62.5%).Conclusion The chemical toxicant control in Jiading district is good,but the occupational hazard factors of noise,dust and high temperature need to be improved,especially the noise exposure in metal processing industry is high.So occupational health management personnel can be added and health supervision can be strengthened.