“大锅饭”与大空间人民公社化时期华南乡村的食堂与会堂

Eating Together,Meeting Together Canteens and Assembly Halls in Rural Southern China During the Era of the People’s Commune

始于1958年的农村人民公社化运动开启了中国乡村的"大锅饭"时代,全国各地出现了数以百万计的公共食堂和会堂。在华南,大空间集体建筑代替祭祀祖先的祠堂成为了乡村新的关键性社会空间和文化象征。文章讨论了人民公社化时期华南乡村的食堂和会堂等大空间集体建筑的概况,重点关注了将祠堂改建成食堂和会堂的现象,分析了改建前后空间范式、材料、结构和装饰上的变化,认为这在当时既是一种多快好省地建造大空间建筑的权宜之计,又是对传统建筑和传统文化有意识的借用,通过改建后的大空间表现出技术上的进步性和形象上的公共性,以增强人民公社的号召力。

Started in 1958,the people’s commune movement opened the era of"eating together",with millions of canteens and halls sprawled in the rural area of China.In Southern China,general spaces used for canteens and assembly halls became the new key social space and cultural symbol in the countryside,instead of the traditional ancestral halls.This paper discusses the adaptive strategies applied to general space and collective buildings,analyzing the diffeerences and continuity between canteen halls and ancestral halls in terms of spatial paradigm,materials,structure and decoration,and the inheritance and transformation in space and spirit.