现代之眼 张肇康与《中国:建筑之道》

The Eye of Modernity Chao-Kang Chang and China:Tao in Architecture

张肇康在经历了早年飘浮不定的工作、生活环境后,1975年重回香港,并独立开业。随着中国改革开放,城市风貌急剧变化,许多值得保存的传统遭到破坏,兴起张肇康调研传统民居的意图。张肇康带学生进出中国多个省份共达73次,记录了中国传统民居鲜活且具生命力的地区特色,这份调研显得格外不同的原因有三:一是张肇康不像布鲁诺·陶特是用西方人的观点来看待东方;二是张肇康接受包豪斯现代设计教育的洗礼后,先创作、实验了系列的"中国现代建筑",才以"现代之眼"进行民居的测绘与纪录;三是这些民居的调研由《中国:建筑之道》一书的共同作者瑞士建筑师维尔纳·布雷泽陪伴随行,布雷泽活跃于西方出版界,专研密斯与东方建筑,整本书的架构或调研过程,两人必有许多讨论。因此这本书成为我们窥探张肇康晚年,甚或是其一生建筑哲学观的关键性著作。文章作为系列专栏的最后一篇,对陈其宽、张肇康两位建筑先行者所做出的贡献,尝试给出一个历史地位的小结,希望为日后华人现代建筑的发展提供一种"借鉴"与"养分",这是历史研究的期待。

After Chao-Kang Chang experienced the erratic and displaced working and living environments in his early years,he decided to return to Hong Kong in 1975 and opened his own business.With China’s reform and opening,the cityscape had changed drastically and many traditions worth preserving had been ruthlessly destroyed,which reflects a phenomenon indicating that some rituals can be found only in the countryside.Chao-Kang Chang’s intention to investigate vernacular dwellings emerged.In addition to his research interests,ChaoKang Chang also took this opportunity to teach in the Department of Architecture of the University of Hong Kong,bringing students to many provinces in China,documenting vital and vigorous characteristics of Chinese vernacular dwellings.There are three reasons why this survey is particularly different.The first is that Chao-Kang Chang did not look at the East from a Western perspective like Bruno Taut;the second is that after had received Bauhaus’ modern design education,Chao-Kang Chang experimented and created a series of "Modern Chinese Architecture",and later used the "the eye of modernity" to survey and record vernacular dwellings.The last is that these investigations of vernacular dwellings were accompanied by Werner Blaser,the co-author of the book China:Tao in Architecture.The Swiss architect Werner Blaser was active in the Western publishing world,at the same time specializing in Mies and Eastern architecture.The structure or research process of the entire book must have involved frequent discussions between the two.Therefore,this book has become a key work for us to explore Chao-Kang Chang’s later years,or even his architectural philosophy throughout his life.Finally,as the last article of the series,it gives a summary of the historical status of the contributions made by the two architectural pioneers—Chi-Kwan Chen and Chao-Kang Chang,hoping to provide a kind of "reference" and "nourishment" in the future for the development of Chinese modern architecture.This is the expectation of historical research.