建构一块涉外商贸生活综合的飞地上海虹桥经济技术开发区综合规划、建筑设计与实施过程研究(1984—2001年)

Constructing a Comprehensive Enclave for Foreign-related Business Activities Research on the Comprehensive Planning,Architectural Design and Implementation Process of Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone(1984-2001)

1986年被确立为国家级经济技术开发区的虹桥经济技术开发区,是改革开放初期中方利用外资建设以发展涉外商贸为目标的综合城市新区的试验田,也是上海乃至全国最先探索规划立法、指标控制和城市设计的区域。文章选择"涉外"为理论与分析视角,从城市指标、空间与形象整体控制、单体建筑的类型引进、功能综合、标准设定、空间营造,以及开发和管理机制变迁等方面,系统梳理虹桥开发区及其建筑空间的形塑过程和背后的开发管理机制,并指出类型、标准、机制等被今天设计师作为前提条件的隐含因素决定着城市建筑的内在空间与外观形象,它们也是快速城市化语境下中国当代建筑生产转型的核心内容。

The Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone,which was established as a national economic and technological development zone in 1986,was a pilot project to explore how to use foreign capital to build a comprehensive urban new district for developing foreign trade in the early days of the reform-era in China.It was also among the earliest cases in Shanghai,even in China,that have applied planning legislation,planning index system,and urban design in urban construction.Taking"foreign-related"as a theoretical and analytical perspective,the article systematically sorts out the shaping process of the Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone,analyzing how the visible urban and architectural evolution was defined by the planning index,overall spatial and formal control,the introduction of various building types,functional integration,standard-setting,space creation as well as the hidden mechanism of development and management.These invisible aspects that have long been considered as preconditions for today’s architects were also the core issues for building a city.They are also the core issues for understanding the transformation of contemporary Chinese architectural production in the context of rapid urbanization.