活性焦对晋北盐碱地土壤性质和两种植物生长的影响

Effects of activated coke on soil properties and growth of two plant species in saline alkali soil in northern Shanxi Province, China

固废基改良剂是盐碱地改良的有效手段之一。活性焦作为一种多孔废弃物,应用于盐碱地预期可以起到改善土壤性质、减缓植物盐碱胁迫的作用。为了阐明活性焦对晋北盐碱地的改良效应,本研究设置不同用量活性焦(CK, 0 g·kg^(-1);A10, 10 g·kg^(-1);A20, 20 g·kg^(-1);A50, 50 g·kg^(-1)),分析其对盐碱地土壤性质和植物生长的影响。结果表明:施用活性焦能显著提高土壤的水稳性团聚体含量,并降低土壤盐分含量、pH值和电导率。与CK相比,种植碱茅和玉米土壤的团聚体平均重量直径增加5.1%~32.2%,pH值降低0.4%~4.1%,钠吸附比(SAR)降低4.8%~18.7%,电导率降低7.4%~8.2%。施用适量活性焦能够降低植物细胞的质膜损伤,提高叶片叶绿素和Ca^(2+)含量,从而有效促进植物生长,碱茅和玉米的生物量均在A20处理达到最大。表明盐碱土施用20 g·kg^(-1)活性焦(A20)可改善根际土壤环境,提高植物对Ca^(2+)等的选择性吸收,从而降低盐分对植物细胞的损伤,促进盐碱生境中植物的生长。

Solid waste-based improver is one of the effective means to improve properties of saline-alkali soil. As a kind of porous waste, activated coke is expected to improve soil properties and alleviate salt-alkali stress. In order to understand the improvement effect of activated coke on saline alkali land in northern Shanxi Province, we examined the effects of different addition rates of activated coke(CK, 0 g·kg^(-1);A10, 10 g·kg^(-1);A20, 20 g·kg^(-1);A50, 50 g·kg^(-1)) on the properties of saline alkali soil and the growth of two plant species. The results showed that activated coke addition could increase the content of water soluble soil aggregates, reduce soil salt content, soil pH, and the electrical conductivity(EC). Compared with CK, the mean weight diameters of the aggregates for the saline-alkali soils grown with Puccinellia distans and maize were increased by 5.1%-32.2%, soil pH was decreased by 0.4%-4.1%, sodium adsorption ratio(SAR) was decreased by 4.8%-18.7%, and the EC was decreased by 7.4%-8.2%. Applying appropriate amount of activated coke could promote plant growth through reducing the plasma membrane damage of plant cells, increasing plant chlorophyll and Ca^(2+) contents. The biomass of Puccinellia distans and maize both reached the maximum under the A20 treatment. It suggested that the application of 20 g·kg^(-1) activated coke(A20) in saline alkali soil could improve soil quality in the rhizosphere soil, increase plant selective Ca^(2+) absorption, thereby reducing salt damage to plant cells and promote plant growth in saline-alkali habitat.