中国劳动力市场分割状况研究——基于工资决定机制的视角

Research on the Labor Market Segmentation in China:From the Perspective of Wage Determination Mechanism

针对目前对国内劳动力市场分割问题研究不足的问题,本文使用CFPS 2014年的数据,先后使用K均值聚类、回归分析、匹配的方法对中国劳动力市场分割情况、不同劳动力市场上的工资决定机制、劳动者进入各劳动力子市场的影响因素和市场分割程度进行了分析。本文发现,第一,中国的劳动力市场呈现出主要劳动力市场和次级劳动力市场并存的二元分割状态,主要劳动力市场的各方面条件更优。第二,不同劳动力市场上的工资决定机制存在差异,主要劳动力市场上的工作经验和教育回报率较高,性别、户籍歧视情况较弱。第三,男性、非农户口、流动人口、受教育程度更高的劳动者更可能就业于主要劳动力市场。第四,中国主要劳动力市场和次级劳动力市场之间的工资收入差距及市场分割程度介于30%~36%之间。

In view of the lack of research on domestic labor market segmentation,based on CFPS 2014 data,K-means clustering,regression analysis and matching are used to analyze the segmentation of China’s labor market,wage decision mechanism in different labor markets,the factors that influence laborer’s entry into different labor markets and the degree of market segmentation.Conclusions obtained from this paper are as follows.First,China’s labor market is dual segmented into primary labor market and secondary labor market.The primary labor market provided better conditions.Second,there are differences in wage determination mechanisms between China’s primary labor market and secondary labor market.In primary labor market,the return on work experience and education are higher,and there is less gender discrimination and household registration discrimination.Third,male,non-agricultural household registration,floating population,and more educated workers are more likely to be employed in the primary labor market.Fourth,the wage gap and labor market segmentation between China’s primary labor market and secondary labor market range from 30%to 36%.