磨耗后轮轨型面接触关系及线路适应性分析

Analysis of Worn Wheel-rail Contact Relationship and Line Adaptability

在高速动车组的动力学试验中发现,车辆在跨线运行时构架横向谐波振动显著增大,该现象通常与车辆轮轨关系有直接的关联。通过对钢轨和车轮踏面进行测试来研究动车组实际轮轨接触关系,并基于不同线路钢轨和车轮踏面廓形存在的差异,分析轮轨接触关系出现差异的原因。分析结果表明,轮对横移量为0~3 mm范围内的等效锥度水平较大是造成车辆异常振动的原因;车轮踏面斜率的绝对值不同是造成不同车辆在匹配相同线路时接触关系存在差异的原因;钢轨轨头圆角高度和轨顶位置不同是造成动车组在跨线运行时接触关系不同的原因。因此,不同线路应精确控制钢轨廓形,避免钢轨轨头圆角高度和轨顶位置差异过大,从而改善动车组跨线运行时的轮轨接触关系,提高动车组的线路适应性。

In the dynamic experiment of high-speed trains,it is found that the lateral high-frequency harmonic vibration of the bogie frame increases significantly when the vehicle runs across the line,which is usually directly related to the wheel-rail relationship of the vehicle.The real wheel-rail contact relationship of EMU was studied by measuring rail and wheel tread profiles.The analysis of the reasons for the difference of wheel-rail relationship was completed based on the difference of rail and vehicle tread profiles from different lines.The results show that the larger value of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset lateral displacement in the range of 0~3 mm is mainly responsible for the abnormal vibration of the vehicle.The different absolute value of slopes of wheel profiles result in the difference of contact relationship between different vehicles on the same line.The difference positions of the rail top and rounded angle of railhead are responsible for the different wheel-rail relationship when EMU running on different lines.Therefore,the rail profile of different lines should be accurately controlled to avoid excessive difference between rounded angle of railhead and rail top position,so as to improve the wheel rail contact relationship during EMU’s cross line operation and improve the line adaptability of EMU.