从科普角度比较“食物标准份量”与“食物交换份”的适用性

Comparing the applicability of "food standard unit" and "food exchange unit" from the popular science perspective

目的从营养科普角度探讨《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》(《指南》)"食物标准份量"的适用性,并提出改良设想。方法计算食物交换份生食重量,比较"食物标准份量"与"食物交换份"的食物量化信息量、食物总能量计算步骤和误差,判断"食物标准份量"的适用性。结果12类食物的量化信息合并相同数值后,"食物标准份量"有17个,"食物交换份"有10个。三口之家午餐食物备餐模拟,蔬菜和水果用"食物标准份量"计量更有利于食物的多样性。计算食物总能量,"食物标准份量"表述法需用5步骤,"食物交换份"表述法只需2步骤。"食物交换份"总能量估值比"食物标准份量"多7%。结论虽然"食物标准份量"计量有利于蔬菜和水果的食物多样性,但在食物量化、形象化、定量效果方面,"食物交换份"比"食物标准份量"易记、易操作,营养科普的传播效果更好。建议把"食物交换份"或其他"更好的食物标准份"作为营养科普的"国家标准"。

Objective To discusses the applicability of"food standard unit"in Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2016)from the perspective of nutrition science popularization.Methods The raw food was weighted,and the quantified information,the steps of energy calculation and errors of unit were compared between"food standard unit"and the"food exchange unit".Results After the quantitative information,12 kinds of food was combined.Then,there were 17"food standard unit"and 10"food exchange unit".For a normal Chinese family with 3 persons,vegetables and fruits measured by"food standard unit"were showed more conducive to food diversity.For total energy calculation of food,the expression of"food standard unit"needed 5 steps,and the expression of"food exchange unit"only needed 2 steps.The total energy value of"food exchange"was 7%more than that of"food standard portion".Conclusion Although the measurement of"food standard unit"is conducive for the food diversity of vegetables and fruits,"food exchange unit"is more easier to remember and operate.It is suggested that"food exchange unit"or other food standard unit should be regarded as the"national standard"of nutrition science popularization.