养老机构老年人健康相关行为及卫生服务需要调查分析

Investigation on health related behaviors and health services needs of the elderly living in nursing home

目的调查养老机构老年人的健康行为和卫生服务需要,分析服务需要核心指标、慢病患病和自理能力的影响因素。方法问卷调查武汉市江汉区全部14所养老机构老年人的人口社会学特征、健康相关行为特征、卫生服务需要特征,并进行描述性分析、单因素分析、相关性分析和Logistic回归分析。结果健康相关行为方面,养老机构老年人吸烟率为17.58%,饮酒率为17.86%,49.37%的老年人进行体育锻炼,51.62%的老年人认为自己具备卫生保健知识。卫生服务需要方面,养老机构老年人两周患病率为46.84%,过去半年慢性病患病率为59.92%,处于可以自理、轻度依赖、中度依赖和不能自理等级的老年人分别占63.01%、23.07%、8.44%和5.48%。具备卫生保健知识(OR=0.505)、未患慢病(OR=0.664)和可以自理(OR=0.442)的老年人,两周患病率倾向于更低;吸烟(OR=5.169)、饮酒(OR=3.500)的老年人慢病患病率倾向于更高,具备卫生保健知识(OR=0.248)的更低;具备卫生保健知识(OR=0.523)和未患慢病(OR=0.677)的老年人,自理能力倾向于更强。结论须引导养老机构老年人形成健康的行为生活方式,促进卫生服务需要向需求的转化。

Objective To investigate the health behaviors and health service needs of the elderly living in nursing home,and to analyze the influence factors of chronic disease and activity of daily living which were the core indicators of health service needs.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate the characteristics of demographic and sociology,health related behaviors as well as health services needs of the elderly in all the 14 nursing homes in Jianghan district,Wuhan.Descriptive statistical analysis,one-way analysis of variance,correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed.Results As to health related behaviors,the smoking rate was 17.58%,and the drinking rate was 17.86%.There were 49.37%of the elderly who took physical exercise while 51.62%of the elderly thought they had enough health care knowledge.As to health service needs,the percentage of two-weeks illness was 46.84%,andthe percentage of chronic disease in the past 6 months was 59.92%.The proportions of self-care,mild dependence,moderate dependence and disability of the elderly in daily life were 63.01%,23.07%,8.44%,5.48%,respectively.The elderly with enough knowledge of health care(OR=0.505),not suffering chronic disease(OR=0.664),and having ability of daily life(OR=0.442)tended to have lower two-week prevalence rate.The elderly with smoking(OR=5.169)and drinking(OR=3.500)tended to have higher prevalence rates of chronic disease and lower health care awareness rates(OR=0.248).The elderly with enough knowledge of health care(OR=0.523)anddid not suffer from chronic disease(OR=0.677)tended to have better ability of daily life.Conclusion It was necessary to guide the elderly living in nursing home to form healthy behaviors and lifestyles,and to promote the transformation of health service needs into demands.