国外养老服务体系建设的经验借鉴及对我国的改革建议

International Experience and Enlightenment of China’s Pension Service System Construction

从当前我国人口年龄结构看,加速人口老龄化进程,未富先老问题已成为显性的社会问题,与之对应的社会化养老服务体系建设面临的短板凸显。当前亟须探索建立符合中国国情的养老服务体系,亟待改变发展过程中存在的供求失衡、缺乏统筹规划、服务设施建设差距显著等问题。文章从养老服务体系建设的国际经验入手,通过分析不同国家和地区的养老服务体系建设的经验做法,提出加快我国养老服务体系改革进程,要着力从养老服务市场化改革的方向,实现从国家福利向混合福利的转变;从中国所处的经济社会发展阶段出发,探索建立政府主导、多元主体责任共担的改革框架;要增强养老服务相关法律法规的可操作性,实现法治治理;建立全方位养老服务保障模式,整合多方资源加大对养老服务的投入;要明确养老服务体系改革的具体路径;充分发挥数据要素作用,大力发展智慧养老等,为构建适应我国国情的养老服务体系进行改革探讨和提出相关政策建议。

The accelerated trend of population aging in China poses new challenges to the current construction of the social pension service system.The construction of China’s pension service system is still in the exploratory stage.There are many problems in the development process,such as the imbalance between supply and demand,the lack of overall planning,and the significant gap in the construction of service facilities.Starting from the international experience of the construction of the old-age service system,this paper probes into the positive enlightenment and suggestions for the construction of the old-age service system in China.