西藏高原放牧藏猪结肠微生物的特异性研究

Colonic microbial specificity of grazing Tibetan pigs on Tibetan plateau

试验通过高通量测序技术,测定放牧藏猪、舍饲藏猪与瘦肉型猪(杜×长×大,DLY猪)结肠微生物16S rRNA V3-V4区域的基因序列,比较分析西藏高原3个类型猪结肠微生物的组成及多样性。结果显示,放牧藏猪和舍饲藏猪结肠微生物分类操作单元(OTU)总数、辛普森指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数及香农指数显著高于DLY猪(P<0.05),放牧藏猪与舍饲藏猪无显著差异(P>0.05)。3个类型猪结肠微生物共划分为14个门,59个属。厚壁菌门在所有猪中相对丰度均最高,放牧藏猪放线菌门相对丰度显著高于舍饲藏猪与DLY猪(P<0.05),舍饲藏猪拟杆菌门相对丰度显著高于放牧藏猪与DLY猪(P<0.05)。放牧藏猪双歧杆菌属、Dehalobacterium、萨特氏菌属、YRC22的相对丰度显著高于舍饲藏猪与DLY猪(P<0.05),舍饲藏猪瘤胃球菌属、Sphaerochaeta、Paludibacter相对丰度最高(P<0.05)。结果表明,放牧藏猪结肠中含有较多与纤维降解和抗病力有关的菌群。

The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA genes of grazing Tibetan, captive Tibetan and Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire(DLY) pigs were determined using high-throughput sequencing techniques to analyse the colonic microbiota composition and diversity of these three types of pigs on the Tibetan plateau. The results showed that the total number of operational taxonomic units(OTUs), Simpson index, Chao1 index, ACE index and Shannon index of grazing and captive Tibetan pigs were significantly higher than those of DLY pigs(P<0.05), and there was no significantly differences between the two type of Tibetan pigs(P>0.05). The colonic microbiota of the three types of pigs was divided into 14 phyla and 56 genera. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was highest in all pigs. The grazing Tibetan pigs had higher relative abundance than those in captive Tibetan and DLY pigs(P<0.05), and the captive Tibetan pigs had higher relative abundance than those in the grazing Tibetan and DLY pigs(P<0.05). The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium,Dehalobacterium, Sutterella and YRC22 in grazing Tibetan pigs was significantly higher than those in the other two types of pigs(P<0.05). The captive Tibetan pigs exhibited the highest relative abundance of ruminococcus, Sphaerochaeta and Paludibacter(P<0.05). The study indicates that the colon of grazing Tibetan pigs harbours more bacteria related to fibre degradation and disease resistance.