量子计算机:下一轮工业革命的引擎

Quantum Computer: The Engine for the Next Round of Industrial Revolution

尽管信息革命方兴未艾,但下一轮工业革命已经萌芽。这次革命将是以量子技术为基础,以量子计算机为引擎的第二次量子革命。其发展将把量子理论转化为量子技术,从而释放出量子现象的潜能,指数级地提高计算速度和科技创新能力。建造大规模量子计算机现在正处于科学和工程的交接当口。然而,即使大规模量子计算机建成,在可期的未来也不会全面取代现在的计算机。建造大规模量子计算机是一个从微观到宏观、从低温到常温、从科学到技术的复杂工程问题,目前建成的是大约一百个物质量子比特的没有纠错能力的量子计算机。因为不能纠错,所以不能精确持久地解决有实际应用价值的问题。

Although the information revolution has yet to come to a conclusion,a new industrial revolution has already begun to appear.The new revolution is the second quantum revolution centering on quantum computing.This quantum revolution will turn quantum theory into quantum technology,thus unlocking the potential of the quantum phenomenon and exponentially improving computing speed and the progress of science and technology.The construction of a large-scale quantum computer is at the crossroad of science and engineering.Even if quantum computers are built,they will not fully replace the current computers in the foreseeable future.The materialization of quantum computing is a complex project from the microscopic to the macroscopic world,from low temperature to normal temperature environment,and from science to technology.Up until now,we have made quantum computers with about 100 matter qubits that have no fault-tolerance.Thus,they are incapable of precisely and constantly resolving the problems having practical application value.