子书衰微、论辩勃兴与文学自觉——试论六朝论体文嬗续的辙迹与因果

The Decline of Classics,the Rise of Argumentative and the Consciousness of Literary Aesthetics:A Study on the Evolution of Argumentative Style in the Middle Ages

从诸子文式微、文集肇兴、论体文勃发又遽衰,及六朝文学观念明晰、审美意识自觉等角度梳理彼此历史辙迹和之间嬗续因果,可发现:随着“轴心时代”的结束,志共道申、智周宇宙之诸子著述难以为继;炎汉随之焕乎辞赋,诸子泯于辞章而文集取代子书;儒林、文苑既不能博明万事,适辨一理之文便随清谈、辩经、经疏、政论等事体郁然勃兴。文事日滋、论辩勃兴,文体、风格遂不能不甄别,源流、价值不能不辨证,熔裁、神思、批评亦不能不考辨,文学审美故此自觉于诸子衰微而论辩勃兴之际。论辩其所以继晚周横议而起,论体其所以隐约子书精神而兴,推鞠时代,四言可尽,其一,由经学而玄学,论题渐渐抽象而专门;其二,由清议而清谈,品题于是滋蔓而丰富;其三,由方术而佛理,辨雕寖寖然精致而深刻;其四,文学自觉,论体从观念到实践遂有其自身之体性边界和创作实绩。要而言之,论体文嬗续于诸子著述衰微之历史轨迹,既勃兴以继乎诸子,又接踵文事日滋、文集日富之历史车辙而与之腾芳,于此消彼长之间,文学自觉正与论体勃兴彼此发明、互为因果。

The Classics of Zhuzi were replaced by Individual Collections and went to decline in the Six Dynasties.Argumentative writings have been rising with the rise of free talk,classic discussion,interpretation of classics,political commentary,etc.There are four reasons:First,the theme of academic contention is becoming more and more thematic.Second,the topics discussed are becoming more and more abundant.Third,all kinds of speculation become more and more profound and systematic.Fourth,the form of discussion is more and more rigorous,and forms a certain format.