丹参的化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

Research Progress of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

民族药丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)药用历史悠久,首载于《神农本草经》,常以根及根茎入药,味苦,性微寒,入心、肝经,具有活血通经、祛瘀止痛、清心除烦等功效〔1〕。丹参主要化学成分为脂溶性的二萜醌类、水溶性酚酸类化合物,其他类型化合物等。现代药理研究表明,丹参具有增加冠脉流量,降低心肌兴奋性和传导性,对心肌缺血性损伤有保护作用,此外还有抗氧化、保护心血管、改善肾功能,抗菌消炎、抗肿瘤等作用。临床多用于冠心病、心肌梗死、消化性溃疡、缺血性中风、抗肿瘤〔2〕。本文对丹参化学成分、药理作用及其临床应用进行系统综述,为进一步合理开发利用丹参的药用资源提供参考。

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has a long history of medicinal application in China, it was first be recorded in Shennong′s classic of Materia Medica, the root and rhizome have the functions of invigorating the circulation of blood and restoring menstrual flow, removing blood stasis and pain, clearing away the heart-fire.The main chemical components of Salvia miltiorrhiza are liposoluble diterpenoid quinones, water-soluble phenolic acids and other types of compounds.According to the pharmacology research, Salvia miltiorrhiza has the significant effects of increase coronary flow, attenuate myocardial excitability and conductivity, protect myocardial ischemic injury, in addition to antioxidant, cardiovascular protection, improve renal function, anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other functions.It is mainly used in coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, peptic ulcer, ischemic stroke and anti-tumor.In this paper, we reviewed the chemical composition, pharmacological activity and clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza to provid reference for further rational development and utilization of Salvia miltiorrhiza.