产业发展、就业质量对易地扶贫搬迁政策满意度的影响机理--基于对凉山彝区易地扶贫搬迁户的田野调查

The Impact of Industrial Development and Employment Quality Improvement on the Degree of Satisfaction with the Poverty Alleviation Relocation Policy-Based on an Investigation of Poverty Alleviation Relocation Households in Liangshan Yi Area

我国脱贫攻坚战在建党一百周年之际迎来了全面胜利。作为精准脱贫战略的重要构成,易地扶贫搬迁在“搬得出”目标完成之后,“稳得住”与“能致富”成为巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,促进脱贫地区内生可持续发展的重要目标。本文基于凉山彝区179户易地扶贫搬迁户的问卷调查和入户访谈,实证分析了产业发展、就业质量对易地扶贫搬迁政策满意度的作用机理。结果表明,产业帮扶、发展民族特色旅游、创造更多就业机会等措施对政策满意度形成正向拉力,家庭人口特征对政策的满意度有显著推力影响,而鼓励传统农业生产、发展民族手工业和改善社会保障等对政策满意度的影响效果并不明显。做好易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持,要以做强民族地区特色产业为支撑,以引导高质量就业和优化公共服务供给为路径,多渠道促进就业,强化社会管理,促进社会融入,真正实现物质、精神“双脱贫”。

The Poverty Alleviation Relocation project aims to promote the modernization of rural areas including their agriculture,and to generate highquality employment for farmers as well as comprehensive and sustainable social development in the countryside-This is through the implementation of a series of assistance policies for disadvantaged rural residents in areas that are poorly endowed with natural resources,climate,industry,and transportation.As important components of China's precise poverty alleviation strategy,“maintaining stability”and“getting rich”have become important goals to safeguard and strengthen the achievements obtained due to previous poverty alleviation projects and to promote sustainable further development of the areas which have been lifted out of poverty after the phase of“relocation”has been completed.Based on random interviews of 179 povertyalleviationrelocation households in Liangshan Yi areas,this article analyzes the impact of industrial development and employment quality improvement on the people's level of satisfaction with the policy of poverty alleviation relocation.Results show that measures such as industrial support,development of ethnic tourism,and creation of more employment opportunities,etc.generate support for the policy.Furthermore,family demographic peculiarities have significantly influenced people's satisfaction with policies,while strategies of encouraging traditional farming methods,promotion of ethnic handicraft production,or improving social security had had minor effects on policy satisfaction.Looking at the impact of industrial development and employment quality improvement on the level of satisfaction with the poverty alleviation relocation policy,this paper puts forward the following suggestions.i)Strengthening rural ethnic industrial activity,and using it as strong support for further retraining of relocated immigrants;taking the concepts of“green,ecological and organic”as fundamental requirements for the development of rural businesses in the Liangshan Yi area;placing industrial development as a prerequisite for poverty alleviation and sustainable economic growth;linking poverty alleviation relocation with the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas;ii)Using highquality employment for relocated immigrants as an effective means to realize the goal of“maintaining stability”and“getting rich”;attracting laborintensive businesses who provide counterpart support to the rural areas to expand their production capacity by optimizing the regional business environment;exploring the possibility of establishing a lifelong free training mechanism for elementary skills and a subsidy system to train and upgrade intermediate and advanced skills;and enhancing the market awareness and professional acumen of the relocated immigrants.iii)Proactively optimizing public services as a fundamental guarantee to meet the desires of the relocated immigrants for a better life;improving the water supply infrastructure of resettlement sites;accelerating the construction of power grids;building complete and adequate healthcare systems;integrating resettlement localities with public transportation systems and vehicle traffic systems;and synchronizing the construction of recreational activity areas as well as garbage and sewage treatment facilities,etc.