近三十年藏戏研究的发展脉络与趋势--基于计量可视化分析

The Development and Trends of Researchon Tibetan Opera in the Past Three Decades-Based on a Quantitative Visual Analysis

藏戏被誉为藏文化“活化石”,分别于2006年和2009年被列入国家和世界非物质文化遗产目录。近年来,随着国家大力提倡非物质文化遗产保护和优秀中华文化“走出去”,藏戏研究也日益成为学界关注热点。为了厘清藏戏研究现状,研究热点与趋势,本研究通过CiteSpace与VOSviewer两个主流计量可视化分析软件对国内近三十年藏戏研究成果进行较为详尽的分析,以期为进一步推动藏戏创新研究提供基础数据支撑。直观的可视化分析结果表明:目前藏戏研究处于缓慢发展阶段,但研究内容逐渐向多元化、跨学科方向发展。藏戏研究的核心作者和机构较少,且合作关系不明显。如何服务公共文化体系和非物质文化遗产的传承是目前藏戏研究最新主题。藏戏内涵的丰富性,未来势必会吸引更多学科专家从不同视角对藏戏的传承和保护进行研究。

The distinctive ethnic characteristics and unique artistic charm of Tibetan opera demonstrate the ancient and glorious civilization and history of the Tibetan people.Early Tibetan opera originated in various artistic expressions in Tibetan society,such as oral literature,song and dance,folk narrative singing,and the performing arts in religious rituals.The art of Tibetan opera has been gradually regaining popularity after the comeback of the“Shoton Festival”in the 1980s.In recent years,with an increasing“reform and openingup”in Tibetan areas,Tibetan opera has also become more internationally known.Although academic research on Tibetan opera started in the 1930s,it did not result in systematic research data at that time.After the founding of the people's Republic of China,gradually some scholars began to examine Tibetan Opera systematically.However,during this period the study of Tibetan opera was still descriptive and did not include academic rational discussion.It wasn't until after the reform and openingup that the number of academic papers on Tibetan opera increased.Then,what has been the status of Tibetan opera research over the past 30 years?Which main topics have been discussed?What have been the hotspots and trends in Tibetan opera research?Who have been the principal scholars or which have been the main institutions researching Tibetan opera?To answer these questions,it is helpful for us to understand the current status,main topics,and trends of Tibetan opera research,and is of great significance to promote innovative research of Tibetan opera. Therefore, using the visualization tools of CiteSpace and Vosviewer and based on the papers published in the core journals included in the CNKI database, this paper carries out quantitative visual analysis on the research results of Tibetan opera in the past 30 years (1988-2020), hoping to clarify the context, hotspots, and Tibetan opera research trends, and further promote the indepth study of Tibetan opera. In addition, the questions of how to further promote the spread of Tibetan Opera in the western world through the new media and modern information technology and how to foster research on the translation of Tibetan opera are also the focus of this paper. The results of the quantitative visual analysis show that: i) At present, research on Tibetan opera is still in a very early development stage, but the research content has gradually become diversified and interdisciplinary;ii) There are still very few important authors or institutions involved in research on Tibetan opera, and there isn't much cooperation between them;iii) The latest Tibetan opera research topics include e.g. how Tibetan opera could serve public culture and how to safeguard Tibetan opera as intangible cultural heritage. Finally, this paper states that the strong attractiveness of Tibetan Opera is bound to draw more scholars to study its inheritance and how to protect it from different perspectives in the future.