新城市贫困空间居住满意度及其影响因素——基于西安市企业社区的实证

Residential satisfaction of new urban poverty space and its influencing factors:An empirical study on enterprise communities in Xi’an City

研究新城市贫困空间居住满意度,对深入认识城市贫困群体生活状况,提升居住质量,完善居住区理论具有重要意义。论文以西安市主城区典型老旧企业社区为例,基于1010份问卷数据,构建居住满意度结构方程模型,探究居民居住满意度及其影响因素;引入重要性—绩效理论(importance-performance analysis,IPA),甄别企业社区改造重点与次序,指出老旧小区提升建议。结果表明:(1)企业社区居住满意度整体"一般",在李克特五分制量表下均值为3.21;(2)居住满意度受居住环境、住房条件及配套设施3个方面影响,与居民搬离意愿呈显著负相关;(3)不同社会经济属性个体的居住满意度在年龄、文化程度、户籍、职业、个人收入、居住时长、住宅产权以及企业运营状况等变量作用下差异显著;(4)企业社区改造亟需优先关注社区休憩活动场所、卫生清洁、适老化医疗护理设施、物业服务、公共服务设施等要素,进而改善居住条件,增强居民的社区归属感与凝聚力。文章提出从创新管理模式、改善居住环境、改造住房条件以及建设配套设施等4个方面实施未来老旧小区改造建议。

Studying on residential satisfaction of the new urban poverty space is of great significance for understanding the living condition of the urban poverty group,improving the life quality,and enriching the research of residential area.Taking the typical old enterprise communities in the central city of Xi’an as an example,this study explored residential satisfaction of enterprise communities and its influence factors based on survey data and structural equation modeling(SEM)method.Importance-performance analysis(IPA)theory was introduced to identify the priorities and sequence of enterprise community renewal,and we propose methods for the renewal of the old urban communities.The results show that:1)Residential satisfaction of enterprise communities is at an average level,and the mean value of the 5-point Likert scale is 3.21.2)Residential satisfaction is successively affected by the living environment,housing conditions,and supporting facilities,and has a significant negative impact on residents’willingness to move out.3)There were significant differences in residential satisfaction among individuals with different socioeconomic attributes,such as age,educational level,household registration,occupation,monthly income,length of residence,housing property rights,and enterprise operation.4)In order to improve the living conditions,it is necessary to give priority attention to the factors of community recreation and activity,sanitation,medical and nursing facilities suitable for the aged population,property services,public service facilities,and so on,and strengthen the sense of community belonging and cohesion of residents.It is recommended that the renewal of the old urban community in the future should be carried out from four aspects:management mode,living environment,housing,and supporting facilities.