城市化对生物多样性的影响与调控对策

The Impact of Urbanization on Biodiversity and Its Regulation Countermeasures

生物多样性是生态系统服务的基础,是人类社会赖以生存的保障。城市化过程带来了一系列城市人口、资源和生态环境问题,对城市生物多样性造成了巨大的冲击,已严重制约了城市的可持续发展。加强城市生物多样性研究,对于维护城市生态健康和区域生态安全、促进城市可持续发展具有重大意义。分析了城市生物多样性当前主要存在生物数量减少、物种特化、结构简化、功能退化等几方面问题。其原因主要有城市化导致的景观破碎、城市生态环境的恶化、人类活动对城市生物的干扰、不当的管理措施等。在此基础上,从基础研究、规划、设计、修复和管理等方面提出了城市生物多样性保护和调控对策,可为今后城市生物多样性保护和管理提供参考。

Biodiversity is the basis of ecosystem services and the guarantee for survival of human society.The process of urbanization has brought a series of urban population,resources and eco-environment problems,which has a huge impact on urban biodiversity and has seriously restricted the urban sustainable development.So,it is of great significance to strengthen the research on urban biodiversity for maintaining the urban ecosystem health and regional ecological security and promoting urban sustainable development.This paper analyzes the main problems of urban biodiversity,such as the reduction of biological quantity,species specialization,structure simplification,function degradation and so on.The main reasons are the fragmentation of landscape caused by urbanization,the deterioration of urban ecological environment,the interference of human activities on urban organisms,improper management measures and so on.According to the above analysis,this paper puts forward protection and regulation countermeasures for urban biodiversity from the aspects of strengthening basic research,planning,design,restoration and management,so that this paper can provide references for future urban biodiversity protection and management.