城市公园适老运动环境影响要素聚类研究

Clustering Study on the Influencing Factors of Elderly-oriented Sports Environment in Urban Parks

从适老运动环境出发,总结出流动型、聚集型和个体型3种老年群体常见的运动类型.基于老年群体在公园中运动过程的环境需求,提出景观要素与空间要素两大类共15项适老需求.以重庆市5个城市公园为例,运用Kano模型,提出基本型、期望型、兴奋型和无所谓型4种需求类型,结合“Better-Worse”数据聚类统计法,分析检验不同运动环境中15项适老需求在4种需求类型中的聚类情况和影响程度.聚类结果显示:公园老年群体运动环境的基本型需求为舒适性、安全性、均等性、专属性和养护性;期望型需求为景观吸引力、亲近性、空间可达性和足够性;兴奋型需求为景观特色性、空间服务性;景观多样性和连续性对运动环境需求影响不大.

This paper concludes three common models of the elderly sports-flowing model,collecting model and individual model from the elderly-oriented sports environment.Based on the environment requirements of the elderly in the parks during their sports,this paper proposes fifteen items of elderly-oriented requirements under two classes of landscape element and space element.By taking the environment of five urban parks in Chongqing as the examples and utilizing the Kano model,this paper proposes four classes of requirement models including fundamental model,expected model,excited model and unconcerned model.Then,combined with the clustering statistics on Better-Worse,it analyzes and examines the clustering situation and influencing degree of the fifteen requirement factors among these four requirement models in different sports environments.The clustering results show that:the fundamental requirements of the elderly-oriented sports environment in parks are comfort,security,evenness,specificity and maintenance;the expected requirements are the attraction and intimacy of the landscape and the accessibility and adequacy of the space;the excited requirements are the characteristics of the landscape and the service of the space;and the variety and continuity of the landscape have little influence on the sports environment.