闽浙木拱廊桥文化遗产的时空布局与演变

Temporal and Spatial Layout and Evolution of Cultural Heritage of Timber Arch Lounge Bridges in Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces

木拱廊桥是闽浙地区特殊的山地人居文化遗产,但由于木构建筑的不稳定性、自然灾害与人类保护不当、现代化建设的冲击等原因,木拱廊桥损毁严重,古桥的数量急剧减少,亟待保护.运用ArcGIS空间分析、实地考证与文献分析等方法,探究闽浙地区106座木拱廊桥的时空分布、演变及影响因素,以期为闽浙木拱廊桥的后续申遗、保护与研究提供借鉴.结果表明:1)闽浙木拱廊桥起源于唐宋时期,元时期初步形成集聚分布态势,明时期及以后保持集聚分布态势,形成以宁德北部为核心的高密度区,南北轴延伸与散点扩散分布并存的分布模式;2)闽浙木拱廊桥的重心轨迹呈现先由西南至东北长距离迁移,后由东北往西南回移的趋势,至清代时其分布格局初步成型;3)闽浙木拱廊桥的时空布局与演变是自然环境因素与社会人文因素综合作用的结果.

The timber arch lounge bridges are a special mountain habitat cultural heritage in the area of Fujian and Zhejiang.However,due to the instability of wooden structures,natural disasters and improper human protection,the impact of modern construction and other reasons,the timber arch lounge bridges are seriously damaged and the number of ancient bridges decrease sharply,which needs to be protected.By using the methods of ArcGIS spatial analysis,field research and literature analysis,this paper explores the temporal and spatial distribution,evolution and influencing factors of 106 timber arch lounge bridges in Fujian and Zhejiang,in order to provide reference for the subsequent application,protection and research of the timber arch lounge bridges in Fujian and Zhejiang.The results show that:1)The timber arch lounge bridges in Fujian and Zhejiang originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties,and the agglomeration and distribution trend was initially formed during the Yuan period.The agglomeration and distribution trend was maintained during the Ming Dynasty and later.A high-density area centered on the north of Ningde City was formed,and the distribution pattern of north-south axis extension and scattered point diffusion coexisted;2)The gravity center trajectory of the timber arch lounge bridges first moved from southwest to northeast,and then the trend moved back.The present distribution pattern took shape in the Qing Dynasty;3)The temporal and spatial layout and evolution of the timber arch lounge bridges in Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces are the result of the comprehensive action of natural environmental factors and social and human factors.