基于国家竞争优势理论的美国科技情报工作制度变革动因研究

A Study on Determinants of American S&T Information Work System Transformation Based on National Competitive Advantage Theory

[目的/意义]当前国与国之间科技的竞争日益激烈,科学竞争力已经成为知识经济时代全球化竞争最重要的因素。因此建立系统融贯的科技情报工作制度,能确保我国科技情报工作符合学科自身发展逻辑并转化为国家竞争优势。[方法/过程]结合国家竞争优势理论,文章构建了科技情报工作制度变革的动因分析框架,借助定性比较分析实证探究美国科技情报工作制度变革相关的27个事件案例,进而发现隐藏在其背后的3种解释力较强的组合因素。[结果/结论]结果表明美国的科技情报工作制度的变革主要会受到高级要素、需求条件、集群力量、战略规划的影响,通过分析其背后的作用机理和组合方式能够对我国科技情报制度建构及科技情报工作的有序展开提供参考建议。

[Purpose/significance]At present,the competition of science and technology between countries is increasingly fierce,and the competitiveness about science has become the most important factor in the global competition in the era of knowledge economy.Therefore,the establishment for a systematic and consistent system of scientific and technological information can ensure that the work conforms to the development logic of the discipline itself and transforms into the national competitive advantage.[Method/process]This paper constructs the determinants analysis framework for S&T information work system transformation,combined with the theory of national competitive advantage.With the help of qualitative comparative analysis,this paper explores 27 cases related to the system of S&T information work in America,and then finds three combination factors with strong explanatory power hidden behind them.[Result/conclusion]The results show that S&T information work system transformation in America will be mainly affected by high-level elements,demand conditions,cluster forces and strategic planning.By analyzing the influence mechanism and combination mode behind it,we can put forward reference suggestions for the construction of domestic S&T information system and the orderly development of S&T information work.