平台社会中个人数据的开放关系研究——基于国内80个应用平台(App)的参与式观察

The Open Relations of Personal Data in the Platform Society: The Participatory Observation of 80 Domestic Application Platforms

[目的/意义]随着数字平台的崛起以及人类生产、生活实践的平台化迁移,平台社会成为当前技术与社会环境的精确提炼,个人数据成为其中的关键生产要素。探究应用平台之间个人数据的开放关系,能在平台社会的宏观视野中考察个人数据的开放现状及其理论意涵,揭示新型技术与社会环境下的个人数据治理新问题。[方法/过程]文章以国内用户日常使用频繁的Top80应用平台为样本,对应用平台的隐私政策和开放平台官网进行内容分析,对应用平台之间有代表性的开放场景进行参与式观察与社会网络分析。[结果/结论]在平台社会中,应用平台主要会向关联公司和授权合作伙伴开放其用户个人数据,应用平台之间形成了基于后端个人数据流的开放关系网络结构,其实质是个人数据的双向非对称流动。应用平台的普遍开放将进一步扩大个人数据的风险范围,数据聚合将增加个人可识别与再识别出来的风险,数据割据将进一步削弱个人对其数据的控制力。

[Purpose/significance] With the rise of digital platforms and the platformized migration of human practice in the production and life, platform society has become the precise refinement of current technological and social environment, and personal data has become the key factor of production.Exploring the open relations of personal data between application platforms could examine the current situation and theoretical implications of personal data opening from the macro perspective of platform society, revealing new problems of personal data governance under this new technological and social environment.[Method/process] Taking the 80 Application platforms frequently used by domestic users in our daily life as the sample, this study analyzed the privacy policies and the official websites of the open platforms, and conducted participatory observation and social network analysis on representative open scenes between application platforms.[Result/conclusion] In the platform society, the application platforms would mainly open their users’ personal data to affiliated companies and authorized partners.A network structure of open relations based on back-end personal data flow was formed between application platforms, whose essence was bidirectional and asymmetrical flow of personal data.The widespread opening of application platforms will further expand the risk range of personal data, data aggregation will increase the risk of personal identification and re-identification, and data separation will further weaken personal control over their data.